Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy in the mandible

Abstract

Rationale: Melanocytic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign pigmented neoplasm that arises from the neural crest and has an aggressive growth pattern. It is predominantly seen in infants under 1 year of age, and the most common site of involvement is the maxilla. The currently accepted treatment is removal by surgical resection. Herein, we report a case of MNTI that involved the anterior alveolar ridge of the mandible in a 6-month-old infant. Patient concerns: A case of a 6-month-old male child with a huge mass in the anterior alveolar ridge of the mandible. Diagnosis: The tumor was diagnosed using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques on the biopsy specimen obtained following incisional biopsy. Based on the findings, a final diagnosis of MNTI was established. Interventions: Radical resection of the tumor was performed, after determining the extent of resection by referring to the mandibular 3D model created using the pre-operative CT data. Outcomes: The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence has been observed to date for more than 4 years after surgery. Lessons: This case emphasizes that early diagnosis and radical surgery are critical to the effective treatment, as MNTI exhibits rapid and destructive growth. It also requires careful and close follow-up because of high recurrence rates.

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy of Jaws: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…It is indicated as an adjuvant option along with chemotherapy in a few cases of malignant and metastatic MNTI with no significant outcomes. The recurrence rate of MNTI ranges from 15% to 27% [20]. According to the latest systematic review of MNTI of jaw bones, the recurrence rate is 11.3%, and in our review, it is 15.2%.…”

“…According to the latest systematic review of MNTI of jaw bones, the recurrence rate is 11.3%, and in our review, it is 15.2%. Reasons stated for recurrence are incomplete tumor excision, multifocal tumor, or tumor seeding during surgery [20]. According to Pontes et al, higher recurrence rates are seen in patients younger than 2 months old, who presented with distant metastasis or a treatment approach consisting of complete excision and radical surgery without margin clearance [1].…”

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: A narrative review of dental aspects

“…Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is generally benign and described as a painless, enlarging firm mass with an excellent prognosis ( Takeuchi et al, 2021 , Atarbashi-Moghadam et al, 2020 ). This mass is frequently covered by an intact epithelial surface.…”

“…This mass is frequently covered by an intact epithelial surface. Yet, there is a high risk of recurrence, with frequent lymph node involvement ( Takeuchi et al 2021 ). This disease is typically considered benign.…”

“…One of the most challenging aspects of melanotic neuroectodermal tumors in infancy is the reconstruction of the structure, function, and occlusal region of the lost tissue after tumor removal ( Takeuchi et al 2021 ). There are high risks due to altered maxillofacial growth after surgical intervention, particularly after massive surgery.…”