Medicine in stamps: history of Down syndrome through philately

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders with mental retardation and some spesific physical and physiological defects. Recently, many advances have been made in pre-natal screening and detection; and the hope is that identification of more genes will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathologies, and hence to more effective therapy. This paper provides an overview on the discovery of Down syndrome through philately.

Identifying Supports For Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…Bieuler was defining symptoms of schizophrenia. Autismus is from the Greek word autos meaning an isolated self (Ataman, Bicer, & Vatanoglu-Lutz, 2014). This refers to the early idea that people with ASD want to be socially isolated, removed from social interaction.…”

“…The way society views ASD has greatly changed over time. The concept and definition has also changed over the years (Ataman, et al, 2014). ASD was first described as the earliest form of schizophrenic psychosis.…”

“…Autism is known as a complex developmental disability (Ataman, 2014). The perception of ASD, the diagnostic, the theoretical references studied, assessment, care, and educational practices have all drastically changed within the past few years as more and more studies and information is obtained on this important disorder that continues to grow (Ataman et al, 2014).…”

“…Today, ASD is considered to be a biologically based pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder affecting from the first days of life, social communication, and adjustment to the environment (Ataman, et al, 2014). Currently, there is no cure for ASD, it is a lifelong disorder.…”

“…Environmental factors have also been claimed to be a cause of ASD, although this evidence is anecdotal (Ataman et al, 2014). Much research has been done in the past and continues in attempt to identify the causes of ASD.…”