Medicinal Plant Species Used in the Management of Hernia by Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Central Uganda

Kibuuka, Moses Sserwano; Anywar, Godwin

doi:10.17348/era.14.0.289-298

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…angustifolium is used in the treatment of burns, wounds, eye infections, and diarrhea, and as a contraceptive and emetic in Tanzania [ 100 ]. In Uganda, it was reported to be used to treat hernias [ 101 ], to induce vomiting [ 102 ], and to treat hypertension in combination with other herbs [ 103 ]. There have been no pharmacological investigations published on this species so far, except for the antibiotic, cytotoxicity, and antivirulence study investigating the same extract library [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiinflammatory Medicinal Plants from the Ugandan Greater Mpigi Region Act as Potent Inhibitors in the COX-2/PGH2 Pathway

Schultz

Osuji

Wack

et al. 2021

Plants

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Our study investigates 16 medicinal plants via assessment of inhibition of proinflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenases (COX). The plants are used by traditional healers in the Greater Mpigi region in Uganda to treat inflammation and related disorders. We present results of diverse in vitro experiments performed with 76 different plant extracts, namely, (1) selective COX-2 and COX-1 inhibitor screening; (2) 15-LOX inhibition screening; (3) antibacterial resazurin assay against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K12; (4) DPPH assay for antioxidant activity; and (5) determination of the total phenolic content (TPC). Results showed a high correlation between traditional use and pharmacological activity, e.g., extracts of 15 out of the 16 plant species displayed significant selective COX-2 inhibition activity in the PGH2 pathway. The most active COX-2 inhibitors (IC50 < 20 µg/mL) were nine extracts from Leucas calostachys, Solanum aculeastrum, Sesamum calycinum subsp. angustifolium, Plectranthus hadiensis, Morella kandtiana, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, and Warburgia ugandensis. There was no counteractivity between COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibition in these nine extracts. The ethyl acetate extract of Leucas calostachys showed the lowest IC50 value with 0.66 µg/mL (COX-2), as well as the most promising selectivity ratio with 0.1 (COX-2/COX-1). The TPCs and the EC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activity showed no correlation with COX-2 inhibitory activity. This led to the assumption that the mechanisms of action are most likely not based on scavenging of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant activities. The diethyl ether extract of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark displayed the highest growth inhibition activity against S. aureus (MIC value: 13 µg/mL), L. innocua (MIC value: 40 µg/mL), and L. monocytogenes (MIC value: 150 µg/mL). This study provides further evidence for the therapeutic use of the previously identified plants used medicinally in the Greater Mpigi region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiinflammatory Medicinal Plants from the Ugandan Greater Mpigi Region Act as Potent Inhibitors in the COX-2/PGH2 Pathway

Schultz

Osuji

Wack

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…S. calycinum subsp. angustifolium is still a highly understudied species with only five studies previously being published on its traditional medicinal use 24 , 89 – 92 and one study that reported the presence of the hydrocarbon nonacosane and the glucosinolate, glucoiberverin 93 in its leaves. Traditional healers in the Greater Mpigi region claimed that the leaves of this medicinal herb are often used to treat skin infections (15%), wounds (26%), disorders of the stomach/GI tract (13%), sore throats (10%) and fever (10%) 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting ESKAPE pathogens with anti-infective medicinal plants from the Greater Mpigi region in Uganda

Schultz

Anywar

Tang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Antibiotic resistance poses one of the greatest threats to global health today; conventional drug therapies are becoming increasingly inefficacious and limited. We identified 16 medicinal plant species used by traditional healers for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases in the Greater Mpigi region of Uganda. Extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Extracts were also screened for quorum quenching activity against S. aureus, including direct protein output assessment (δ-toxin), and cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Putative matches of compounds were elucidated via LC-FTMS for the best-performing extracts. These were extracts of Zanthoxylum chalybeum (Staphylococcus aureus: MIC: 16 μg/mL; Enterococcus faecium: MIC: 32 μg/mL) and Harungana madagascariensis (S. aureus: MIC: 32 μg/mL; E. faecium: MIC: 32 μg/mL) stem bark. Extracts of Solanum aculeastrum root bark and Sesamum calycinum subsp. angustifolium leaves exhibited strong quorum sensing inhibition activity against all S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles in absence of growth inhibition (IC 50 values: 1-64 μg/mL). The study provided scientific evidence for the potential therapeutic efficacy of these medicinal plants in the Greater Mpigi region used for infections and wounds, with 13 out of 16 species tested being validated with in vitro studies. The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires mobilization of political, financial and research investment due to its emergence as a global health hazard that threatens the ability to treat infectious diseases 1. According to the World Health Organization, AMR poses "one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today" and can affect anyone in any country and of any age 2. Today, AMR already accounts for 700,000 deaths annually. By 2050, this figure is estimated to reach more than 10 million deaths per year, which is more people than currently die from cancer 3. Because effective antibiotics are critical for treatment of bacterial infections and for procedures where there is a high risk of infection, e.g. surgery, new anti-infectives are needed to overcome this global threat 4. The issue of resistance is not uniformly spread across all bacteria 5. Six species have been identified by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) as being especially dangerous due to their potential multidrug resistance mechanisms and virulence. They are referred to as 'ESKAPE' pathogens, which is an acronym for Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species. This group of pathogenic bacteria encompasses both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species that are capable of 'escaping' bactericidal action of conventional

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“…Many species of Acacia are widely used across Africa in managing opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS (Anywar et al, 2020a;Chinsembu and Hedimbi, 2010;Kisangau et al, 2007). A. hockii, a commonly used synonym of Vachellia hockii is used in the treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS generally, but also anaemia, blood cleanser and cough (Anywar et al, 2020a) and hernia (Kibuuka and Anywar, 2015). The ethanol and DMSO extracts of V. hockii were moderately cytotoxic in U87.CD4.CXCR4 cells, with CC 50 of 100.3 and 89.0 μg/ml respectively (Anywar, 2020).…”

Section: Vachellia Hockii (De Wild) Seigler and Ebingermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Toxicity and Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Herbalists in Treating People Living With HIV/AIDS in Uganda

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Despite concerns about toxicity, potentially harmful effects and herb-drug interactions, the use of herbal medicines remains widely practiced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Uganda.Objective: The objective of the paper was to comprehensively review the literature on the toxicity and chemical composition of commonly used medicinal plant species in treating PLHIV in Uganda.Methods: We reviewed relevant articles and books published over the last sixty years on ethnobotany, antiviral/anti-HIV activity, toxicity, phytochemistry of Vachellia hockii, Albizia coriaria, Bridelia micrantha, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Erythrina abyssinica, Gardenia ternifolia, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Psorospermum febrifugium, Securidaca longipendunculata, Warburgia ugandensis and Zanthoxylum chalybeum and their synonyms. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Discussion: Most of the plant species reviewed apart from P. febrifugium, S. longipedunculata and C. sanguinolenta lacked detailed phytochemical analyses as well as the quantification and characterization of their constituents. Crude plant extracts were the most commonly used. However, purified/single component extracts from different plant parts were also used in some studies. The U87 human glioblastoma was the most commonly used cell line. Water, ethanol, methanol and DMSO were the commonest solvents used. In some instances, isolated purified compounds/extracts such as Cryptolepine and Psorospermin were used.Conclusion: Cytotoxicity varied with cell type, solvent and extract type used making it difficult for direct comparison of the plant species. Five of the eleven plant species namely, A. coriaria, C. sanguinolenta, G. ternifolia, P. febrifugium and Z. chalybeum had no cytotoxicity studies in animal models. For the remaining six plant species, the crude aqueous and ethanol extracts were mainly used in acute oral toxicity studies in mice. Herbalists reported only A. coriaria and W. ugandensis to cause toxic side effects in humans. However, selective cytotoxic plant extracts can potentially be beneficial as anticancer or anti-tumour drugs.

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Medicinal Plant Species Used in the Management of Hernia by Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Central Uganda

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Antiinflammatory Medicinal Plants from the Ugandan Greater Mpigi Region Act as Potent Inhibitors in the COX-2/PGH2 Pathway

Antiinflammatory Medicinal Plants from the Ugandan Greater Mpigi Region Act as Potent Inhibitors in the COX-2/PGH2 Pathway

Targeting ESKAPE pathogens with anti-infective medicinal plants from the Greater Mpigi region in Uganda

A Review of the Toxicity and Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Herbalists in Treating People Living With HIV/AIDS in Uganda

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