Medications influencing central cholinergic neurotransmission affect saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in healthy young adults

Naicker, Preshanta; Anoopkumar‐Dukie, Shailendra; Grant, Gary; Kavanagh, Justin J.

doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4436-1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, we found no relationship between pro‐saccades and cholinergic medication burden (determined with the Anticholinergic Drug Scale), which was unsurprising, as cholinergic therapies would likely increase rather than decrease reflexive saccade velocities through dampening saccadic inhibition . Similarly, cholinergic therapies may also increase saccadic latency and reduce amplitude (or gain) . Medication effect is one of the major challenges in interpretation of the results of saccadic impairments in PD, as it is difficult to determine whether deficits occur because of underlying PD pathology or the medications used to treat it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…37 Similarly, cholinergic therapies may also increase saccadic latency and reduce amplitude (or gain). 38 Medication effect is one of the major challenges in interpretation of the results of saccadic impairments in PD, as it is difficult to determine whether deficits occur because of underlying PD pathology or the medications used to treat it. However, studies regarding the impact of medications on saccades are inconsistent and often conflicting, which may be a result of the small sample sizes examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pro‐Saccades Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: ICICLE‐PD

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A BS TRACT: Background: Cumulative dementia incidence in Parkinson's disease (PD) is significant, with major personal and socioeconomic impacts on individuals with PD and their carers. Early identification of dementia risk is vital to ensuring optimal intervention. Saccadic deficits often distinguish neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairment, but their ability to predict cognitive decline in PD has yet to be determined. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate baseline (6.4 AE 6.1 months since PD diagnosis) differences in pro-saccadic metrics between those with early PD and healthy age-matched adults; and (2) assess the ability of baseline pro-saccades to predict subsequent cognitive decline over 4.5 years. Methods: One hundred and forty-one PD and 90 agematched participants recruited at diagnosis underwent saccadometric assessment of pro-saccades at baseline and had cognition assessed at baseline, 18, 36, and 54 months. Pro-saccadic characteristics included latency, duration, amplitude, peak, and average velocity. Cognitive assessment included executive function, attention, fluctuating attention, and memory. Linear mixed-effects models examined pro-saccadic metrics as predictors of cognitive decline over 54 months. Results: Pro-saccades were significantly impaired at baseline in PD compared with controls. Pro-saccadic characteristics of latency, duration, peak, and average velocity predicted decline in global cognition, executive function, attention, and memory over 54 months in PD. In addition, only reduction in global cognition and attention were predicted by pro-saccadic metrics in age-matched adults, indicating that PD findings were not purely age related. Conclusions: Saccadic characteristics are impaired in early PD and are predictive of cognitive decline in several domains. Assessment of saccades may provide a useful non-invasive biomarker for long-term PD cognitive decline in early disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro‐Saccades Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: ICICLE‐PD

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It also underscores the need to exclude confounding effects of comorbid conditions or psychoactive drugs that can secondarily alter eye movements. [58][59][60] Ocular motor studies in schizophrenia typically consider or control for medication effects, 59,61,62 but less so the mTBI literature.…”

Section: Ocular Motor Dysfunction In Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision Therapy: Ocular Motor Training in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Barton

Ranalli

2020

Annals of Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vision therapy in the form of ocular motor training is increasingly used to treat visual complaints, particularly in the setting of persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In this review, we discuss the rationale behind this intervention and the evidence for its utility. Although the efficacy of exercises for primary convergence insufficiency is plausible and supported by data, there is not yet strong evidence of benefit for the post‐traumatic variant. It is not established that abnormalities in fixation, pursuit, and saccades in mTBI are the cause of post‐concussive symptoms, or that these abnormalities arise from ocular motor damage rather than being secondary effects of cognitive problems with attention or executive control. The few studies to date have significant methodological weaknesses. More substantial evidence is required before vision therapy can be accepted as a useful tool in the rehabilitation of patients with brain trauma. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:453–461

show abstract

“…While disruption of normal neurological (Anderson and MacAskill 2013) or psychiatric (Lipton et al 1983) function can induce a range of characteristic eye-movement deficits; subtler modulations of neuronal function may also be detected in oculomotion. In this paper, we focus upon the neurochemical aspects of oculomotor control, and the sorts of oculomotor syndromes that may be induced by therapeutic agents (Naicker et al 2017; Reilly et al 2008). In doing so, we draw from recent theoretical work addressing the computational anatomy of oculomotion (Parr and Friston 2018a; Parr and Friston 2018c) and emerging themes in computational accounts of neuromodulation (Friston et al 2014; Marshall et al 2016; Parr et al 2018; Parr and Friston 2017b; Sales et al 2018; Schwartenbeck et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…organophosphate pesticides (Minton and Murray 1988)). As with the benzodiazepines, cholinergic effects have been associated with the velocity of a saccadic eye movement (Naicker et al 2017). This is interesting from the perspective of the scheme in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The computational pharmacology of oculomotion

Parr

Friston

2019

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many physiological and pathological changes in brain function manifest in eye-movement control. As such, assessment of oculomotion is an invaluable part of a clinical examination and affords a non-invasive window on several key aspects of neuronal computation. While oculomotion is often used to detect deficits of the sort associated with vascular or neoplastic events; subtler (e.g. pharmacological) effects on neuronal processing also induce oculomotor changes. We have previously framed oculomotor control as part of active vision, namely, a process of inference comprising two distinct but related challenges. The first is inferring where to look, and the second is inferring how to implement the selected action. In this paper, we draw from recent theoretical work on the neuromodulatory control of active inference. This allows us to simulate the sort of changes we would expect in oculomotor behaviour, following pharmacological enhancement or suppression of key neuromodulators—in terms of deciding where to look and the ensuing trajectory of the eye movement itself. We focus upon the influence of cholinergic and GABAergic agents on the speed of saccades, and consider dopaminergic and noradrenergic effects on more complex, memory-guided, behaviour. In principle, a computational approach to understanding the relationship between pharmacology and oculomotor behaviour affords the opportunity to estimate the influence of a given pharmaceutical upon neuronal function, and to use this to optimise therapeutic interventions on an individual basis.

show abstract

Medications influencing central cholinergic neurotransmission affect saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in healthy young adults

Abstract: The prominent effects of the stronger central anticholinergic promethazine, on saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements, potentially conveys the significance of central cholinergic pathways in the control of these centrally regulated oculomotor processes.

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Pro‐Saccades Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: ICICLE‐PD

Pro‐Saccades Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: ICICLE‐PD

Vision Therapy: Ocular Motor Training in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

The computational pharmacology of oculomotion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About