Medical management of Ricin poisoning

Aggarwal, Rashmi; Aggarwal, Hemant Kumar; P, Chugh

doi:10.5455/jmas.259532

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…From 2012 to 2018, ricin letters were intermittently sent to the White House, causing great panic in the international community. Accidental oral ingestion or intentional poisoning via castor beans or defatted press cake fertilizer has occurred from time to time, either for human beings or livestock (Worbs et al, 2011;Aggarwal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key defatting tissue pretreatment protocol for enhanced MALDI MS Imaging of peptide biomarkers visualization in the castor beans and their attribution applications

Qin

Han²,

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionCastor bean or ricin-induced intoxication or terror events have threatened public security and social safety. Potential resources or materials include beans, raw extraction products, crude toxins, and purified ricin. The traceability of the origins of castor beans is thus essential for forensic and anti-terror investigations. As a new imaging technique with label-free, rapid, and high throughput features, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has been gradually stressed in plant research. However, sample preparation approaches for plant tissues still face severe challenges, especially for some lipid-rich, water-rich, or fragile tissues. Proper tissue washing procedures would be pivotal, but little information is known until now.MethodsFor castor beans containing plenty of lipids that were fragile when handled, we developed a comprehensive tissue pretreatment protocol. Eight washing procedures aimed at removing lipids were discussed in detail. We then constructed a robust MALDI-MSI method to enhance the detection sensitivity of RCBs in castor beans.Results and DiscussionA modified six-step washing procedure was chosen as the most critical parameter regarding the MSI visualization of peptides. The method was further applied to visualize and quantify the defense peptides, Ricinus communis biomarkers (RCBs) in castor bean tissue sections from nine different geographic sources from China, Pakistan, and Ethiopia. Multivariate statistical models, including deep learning network, revealed a valuable classification clue concerning nationality and altitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key defatting tissue pretreatment protocol for enhanced MALDI MS Imaging of peptide biomarkers visualization in the castor beans and their attribution applications

Qin

Han²,

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In more severe cases, pulmonary edema, hypotension and vascular collapse are observed. [ 77 , 78 ]. Pulmonary ricin intoxication is considered most hazardous [ 79 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Toxins as the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism

Janik

Ceremuga

Saluk‐Bijak

et al. 2019

IJMS

111

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Biological toxins are a heterogeneous group produced by living organisms. One dictionary defines them as “Chemicals produced by living organisms that have toxic properties for another organism”. Toxins are very attractive to terrorists for use in acts of bioterrorism. The first reason is that many biological toxins can be obtained very easily. Simple bacterial culturing systems and extraction equipment dedicated to plant toxins are cheap and easily available, and can even be constructed at home. Many toxins affect the nervous systems of mammals by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses, which gives them their high potential in bioterrorist attacks. Others are responsible for blockage of main cellular metabolism, causing cellular death. Moreover, most toxins act very quickly and are lethal in low doses (LD50 < 25 mg/kg), which are very often lower than chemical warfare agents. For these reasons we decided to prepare this review paper which main aim is to present the high potential of biological toxins as factors of bioterrorism describing the general characteristics, mechanisms of action and treatment of most potent biological toxins. In this paper we focused on six most danger toxins: botulinum toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxins, Clostridium perfringens toxins, ricin, abrin and T-2 toxin. We hope that this paper will help in understanding the problem of availability and potential of biological toxins.

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The cardiovascular system as a target of chemical warfare agents

Zoltani¹

2020

Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents

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Medical management of Ricin poisoning

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Key defatting tissue pretreatment protocol for enhanced MALDI MS Imaging of peptide biomarkers visualization in the castor beans and their attribution applications

Key defatting tissue pretreatment protocol for enhanced MALDI MS Imaging of peptide biomarkers visualization in the castor beans and their attribution applications

Biological Toxins as the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism

The cardiovascular system as a target of chemical warfare agents

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