Large-scale international comparison studies for a decade have shown Korean students’ negative affective constructs and engagement. In addition to this general finding, this research aimed to provide details in Korean students’ affective constructs and engagement. With the latent profile analysis, we found five groups of individuals showing qualitatively different characteristics in their affective constructs and engagement. Particularly, it is required to pay more attentions to two groups with relatively negative views on engaging teaching in mathematics lessons. The findings in this research suggested that different approaches could be required to improve affective constructs and engagement in each group. This necessitated further research on achievement and influential factors on each group’s characteristics of affective constructs and engagement.