Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior Temporal Cortices and Distinguished by Input From Memory-Related Areas in the Rhesus Monkey

Barbas, Helen; Ghashghaei, H. Troy; Dombrowski, Stephen; Rempel-Clower, Nancy L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990802)410:3<343::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 271 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Mapping of retrogradely labeled neurons was conducted using a microscope^computer interface and digital plotter using software developed in our laboratory, as described previously (e.g. Barbas et al, 1999). We also used a computerized system and motorized stage for mapping retrogradely labeled neurons (Neurolucida, MicroBrightField, Colchester, VT, USA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injections in temporal areas were restricted to anterior sectors, known to be heavily linked with orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices, as well as with the amygdala (e.g. Barbas, 1993;Carmichael and Price, 1995b;Stefanacci et al, 1996;Barbas et al, 1999;RempelClower and Barbas, 2000). This comparison was ¢rst made across cases by injecting BDA in anterior temporal visual association area /anterior temporal auditory association area (TE1/ TS1) of one monkey and in area 36 of another monkey (cases AV and AT, Table 1).…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

2002

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AbstractöThe amygdala has been implicated in processing information about the emotional signi¢cance of the environment and in the expression of emotions, through robust pathways with prefrontal, anterior temporal areas, and central autonomic structures. We investigated the anatomic organization and intersection of these pathways in the amygdala in rhesus monkeys with the aid of bidirectional, retrograde and anterograde tracers. Connections of the amygdala with orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas were robust and bidirectional, whereas connections with lateral prefrontal areas were sparse, unidirectional and ascending. Orbitofrontal axons terminated densely in a narrow band around the borders of the magnocellular basolateral nucleus, surrounded by projection neurons along a continuum through the nuclei of the basal complex. In contrast, the input and output zones of medial prefrontal areas were intermingled in the amygdala. Moreover, medial prefrontal axonal terminations were expansive, spreading into the parvicellular basolateral nucleus, which is robustly connected with hypothalamic autonomic structures, suggesting that they may in£uence the expressive emotional system of the amygdala. On the other hand, orbitofrontal axons heavily targeted the intercalated masses, which issue inhibitory projections to the central nucleus, at least in rats and cats. The central nucleus, in turn, issues a signi¢cant inhibitory projection to hypothalamic and brainstem autonomic structures. This evidence suggests that orbitofrontal areas exercise control on the internal processing of the amygdala. In addition, the results provided direct evidence that the connections of anterior temporal visual and auditory association cortices occupy overlapping territories with the orbitofrontal cortices particularly in the posterior half of the amygdala, and speci¢cally within the intermediate sector of the basolateral nucleus and in the magnocellular part of the basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal), suggesting a closely linked triadic network. This intricate network may be recruited in cognitive tasks that are inextricably linked with emotional associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

2002

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“…The gPFC has been divided into several cortical areas, the number, and location of which varies between studies (Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Petrides and Pandya, 1988, 1999, 2001; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991a,b,c; Carmichael and Price, 1996; Petrides, 1998; Barbas et al, 1999; Barbas, 2000; Pandya and Yeterian, 2000). While these studies have been instrumental in characterizing regional and species differences in the gPFC, they provide limited quantitative data on cortical microcircuitry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex of primates: marked differences in neuronal structure among species

Elston¹,

Benavides-Piccione

Elston³

et al. 2011

Front. Neuroanat.

104

105

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The most ubiquitous neuron in the cerebral cortex, the pyramidal cell, is characterized by markedly different dendritic structure among different cortical areas. The complex pyramidal cell phenotype in granular prefrontal cortex (gPFC) of higher primates endows specific biophysical properties and patterns of connectivity, which differ from those in other cortical regions. However, within the gPFC, data have been sampled from only a select few cortical areas. The gPFC of species such as human and macaque monkey includes more than 10 cortical areas. It remains unknown as to what degree pyramidal cell structure may vary among these cortical areas. Here we undertook a survey of pyramidal cells in the dorsolateral, medial, and orbital gPFC of cercopithecid primates. We found marked heterogeneity in pyramidal cell structure within and between these regions. Moreover, trends for gradients in neuronal complexity varied among species. As the structure of neurons determines their computational abilities, memory storage capacity and connectivity, we propose that these specializations in the pyramidal cell phenotype are an important determinant of species-specific executive cortical functions in primates.

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“…In the present sample, ESM demonstrated SSMA (or supplementary negative motor area)-type responses in most of the frontal P50max-sites. None of these areas is strictly "sensory" in nature, but there is evidence from animals and humans that there are significant connections between auditory and lateral and medial frontal cortices that may become active within 100 ms after an auditory stimulus (Romanski, 1999;Barbas, 1999;Picton, 1999). As for the SSMA proper, this area is known for its mixed somatosensory and motor representations despite its frontal location (Lim, 1994).…”

Section: Clues To An Understanding Of Sensory Gatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a functional topography of sensory gating areas: Invasive P50 recording and electrical stimulation mapping in epilepsy surgery candidates

Kurthen

Trautner

Rosburg

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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The filtering of sensory information, also referred to as "sensory gating", is impaired in various neuropsychiatric diseases. In the auditory domain, sensory gating is investigated mainly as a response decrease of the auditory evoked potential component P50 from one click to the second in a double click paradigm. In order to relate deficient sensory gating to anatomy, it is essential to identify the cortical structures involved in the generation of P50. However, the exact cerebral topography of P50 gating has remained largely unknown as yet. In a group of 17 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, P50 was recorded invasively via subdural electrodes, and the topography of functionally indispensable ("eloquent") cortices was obtained by electrical stimulation mapping. These eloquent areas were involved in language, motor, and sensory functions. P50 could be identified in 13 patients in either temporal (n = 8) or midfrontal sites (n = 5). There were 6 occurrences (in 5 patients) of overlap of sites with maximal P50 responses and eloquent areas. Those were auditory (n = 1), supplementary sensorimotor (n = 3), primary motor (n = 1), and supplementary negative motor (n = 1). Results suggest that the early stage of sensory gating already involves a top-down modulation of sensory input by frontal areas.

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Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior Temporal Cortices and Distinguished by Input From Memory-Related Areas in the Rhesus Monkey

Cited by 271 publications

References 121 publications

Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

Pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex of primates: marked differences in neuronal structure among species

Towards a functional topography of sensory gating areas: Invasive P50 recording and electrical stimulation mapping in epilepsy surgery candidates

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