Media calcification, low erythrocyte magnesium, altered plasma magnesium, and calcium homeostasis following grafting of the thoracic aorta to the infrarenal aorta in the rat—differential preventive effects of long-term oral magnesium supplementation alone and in combination with alkali

Schwille, P. O.; Schmiedl, A.; Schwille, R.; Brunner, P.; Kißler, Hermann; Cesnjevar, Robert; Gepp, H.

doi:10.1016/s0753-3322(02)00343-8

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These observations raise the possibility that magnesium supplements may have a role in the prevention of vascluar calcification. An experimental study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Mg reduced medial calcification of the grafted aorta in the rat [22]. Potential benefits have also been attributed to Mg carbonate use as an effective, less toxic and less expensive phosphate binder in HD patients [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Peripheral Vascular Calcification and Serum Magnesium Level in a Group of Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients

Okasha¹,

Bendary²,

Mourad³

2010

Arab J. Nephr. Trans

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Introduction: Vascular calcification is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in the general population. It is highly prevalent in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Low magnesium (Mg) levels have been reported to have a strong association with vascular calcification in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of vascular calcification and its relation to serum Mg concentration in a group of Egyptian HD patients. Methods:We studied 65 stable patients undergoing maintenance HD for more than 6 months. Vascular calcification was evaluated using hand roentgenography. Serum Mg, phosphorus, corrected calcium and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were compared between patients with and without vascular calcification. Results:The study included 41 male and 24 female patients, aged 43-70 years. Vascular calcification was present in 38.5% of the patients. Mean serum Mg level was 2.88 ± 0.51 mg/dl. Male gender was more common in patients with vascular calcification, and they had significantly longer HD duration and significantly higher serum phosphorus and iPTH levels. Serum Mg level was significantly lower in patients with vascular calcification (2.36 ± 0.26 mg/dl vs.3.21 ± 0.32 mg/dl, p = 0.001). Serum Mg concentration remained as independent negative predictor of hand-artery vascular calcification after adjustment for age, gender, duration of HD, serum phosphorus and iPTH levels. Conclusion:Vascular calcification is common in the study population and is associated with a lower serum Mg level. High or sustained-normal Mg levels may have a protective role against the development of vascular calcification in HD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Peripheral Vascular Calcification and Serum Magnesium Level in a Group of Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients

Okasha¹,

Bendary²,

Mourad³

2010

Arab J. Nephr. Trans

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“…Several of the animal studies have demonstrated that changes in dietary magnesium levels can cause or prevent vascular calcification [ 53 – 55 ]. A rat model consisting of aortic transplantation associated with medial calcification of the grafted vessel was used to show that dietary supplementation with a combination of magnesium, alkali citrate and bases was capable of preventing aorta transplant-induced calcification [ 54 ]. The effect of dietary magnesium and calcium has also been examined in the Abcc6 −/− mouse, a pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) mouse model which mimics the clinical features of PXE (a genetic disorder characterized by calcification of connective tissue in skin, Bruch’s membrane of the eye and blood vessel walls) [ 53 ].…”

Section: Magnesium and The Pathogenesis Of Vascular Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium and outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: focus on vascular calcification, atherosclerosis and survival

Massy

Drüeke

2012

Clinical Kidney Journal

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Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high prevalence of vascular calcification, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in this population. However, the molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification, which are multifactorial, cell-mediated and dynamic, are not yet fully understood. We need to address ways to improve outcomes in CKD patients, both in terms of vascular calcification and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality—and to these ends, we investigate the role of magnesium. Magnesium’s role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification has not been extensively studied. Nonetheless, several in vitro and animal studies point towards a protective role of magnesium through multiple molecular mechanisms. Magnesium is a natural calcium antagonist and both human and animal studies have shown that low circulating magnesium levels are associated with vascular calcification. Clinical evidence from observational studies of dialysis patients has shown that low-magnesium levels occur concurrently with mitral annular calcification, peripheral arterial calcification and increased carotid intima–media thickness. Few interventional studies have been performed. Two interventional studies suggest that there may be benefits such as retardation of arterial calcification and/or reductions in carotid intima–media thickness in response to magnesium supplementation in CKD patients, though both studies have limitations. Finally, observational studies have shown that low serum magnesium may be an independent risk factor for premature death in CKD patients, and patients with mildly elevated serum magnesium levels could have a survival advantage over those with lower magnesium levels.

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“…In a rat model of aortic transplantation, graft vessels exhibit massive media calcification and mineral accumulation. 43 This response was prevented by supplementation with magnesium, alkali citrate, and bases. In a model of nephrocalcinosis, oral administration of magnesium blunted progression of calcification.…”

Section: Montezano Et Al Vascular Calcification Trpm7 and Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation to an Osteogenic Phenotype Involves TRPM7 Modulation by Magnesium

Montezano

Zimmerman²,

Yusuf³

et al. 2010

Hypertension

194

144

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Abstract-Arterial calcification, common in vascular diseases, involves vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transformation to an osteoblast phenotype. Clinical studies suggest that magnesium may prevent this, but mechanisms are unclear. We assessed whether increasing magnesium levels reduce VSMC calcification and differentiation and questioned the role of the Mg 2ϩ transporter, transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)7 cation channels in this process. Rat VSMCs were exposed to calcification medium in the absence and presence of magnesium (2.0 to 3.0 mmol/L) or 2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborate (2-APB) (TRPM7 inhibitor). VSMCs from mice with genetically low (MgL) or high-normal (MgH) [Mg 2ϩ ] i were also studied. Calcification was assessed by von Kossa staining. Expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, BMP-7, and matrix Gla protein and activity of TRPM7 (cytosol:membrane translocation) were determined by immunoblotting. Calcification medium induced osteogenic differentiation, reduced matrix Gla protein content, and increased expression of the sodium-dependent cotransporter Pit-1. Magnesium prevented calcification and decreased osteocalcin expression and BMP-2 activity and increased expression of calcification inhibitors, osteopontin and matrix Gla protein. TRPM 7 activation was decreased by calcification medium, an effect reversed by magnesium. 2-APB recapitulated the VSMC osteoblastic phenotype in VSMCs. Osteocalcin was increased by calcification medium in VSMCs and intact vessels from MgL but not MgH, whereas osteopontin was increased in MgH, but not in MgL mice. Magnesium negatively regulates vascular calcification and osteogenic differentiation through increased/restored TRPM7 activity and increased expression of anticalcification proteins, including osteopontin, BMP-7, and matrix Gla protein. New molecular insights are provided whereby magnesium could protect against VSMC calcification. (Hypertension. 2010;56:453-462.)

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Media calcification, low erythrocyte magnesium, altered plasma magnesium, and calcium homeostasis following grafting of the thoracic aorta to the infrarenal aorta in the rat—differential preventive effects of long-term oral magnesium supplementation alone and in combination with alkali

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of Peripheral Vascular Calcification and Serum Magnesium Level in a Group of Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients

Evaluation of Peripheral Vascular Calcification and Serum Magnesium Level in a Group of Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients

Magnesium and outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: focus on vascular calcification, atherosclerosis and survival

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation to an Osteogenic Phenotype Involves TRPM7 Modulation by Magnesium

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