Mechanosensitivity in the enteric nervous system

Mazzuoli‐Weber, Gemma; Schemann, Michael

doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00408

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Cx43 hemichannel might also be a conduit for release of metabolites and neurotransmitter precursors, such as lactate and glutamine, which can affect normal neuronal functioning (Giaume, Même, & Koulakoff, ). Furthermore, it is possible that here observed effects of gliotransmission are also regulated, at least in part, on the afferent side of gut local reflex loops—perhaps by communication between EG with enteroendocrine cells (Bohorquez et al, ) or mechanosensitive enteric neurons (Mazzuoli‐Weber & Schemann, ). These are all open issues that need to be experimentally addressed in future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Two modes of enteric gliotransmission differentially affect gut physiology

Grubišić

Parpura

2017

Glia

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Enteric glia (EG) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) can modulate neuronally regulated gut functions. Using molecular genetics, we assessed the effects that molecular entities expressed in EG and otherwise mediating two distinct mechanisms of gliotransmitter release, connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel vs. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis, have on gut function. The expression of mutated Cx43G138R (which favors hemichannel, as opposed to gap-junctional activity) in EG increased gut motility in vivo, while a knock-down of Cx43 in EG resulted in the reduction of gut motility. However, inhibition of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in EG did not affect gut motility in vivo; rather, it increased the fecal pellet fluid content. Hampering either Cx43 expression or Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in EG had an effect on colonic migrating motor complexes, mainly decreasing frequency and velocity of contractions ex vivo. Thus, EG can differentially modulate gut reflexes using the above two distinct mechanisms of gliotransmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…or mechanosensitive enteric neurons(Mazzuoli-Weber & Schemann, 2015). These are all open issues that need to be experimentally addressed in future.ACKNOWLEDGMENT We thank Drs.…”

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confidence: 98%

Two modes of enteric gliotransmission differentially affect gut physiology

Grubišić

Parpura

2017

Glia

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“…Several studies have reported distinct mechanosensitive responses in enteric neurons to tensile stress (stretch), compressive stress (volume injection, glass probe, or von Frey hair), shear stress, and cell swelling (hypoosmotic solutions) (Dong, Jiang, Dong, & Mittal, 2014; Hibberd, Zagorodnyuk, Spencer, & Brookes, 2012; Kugler et al, 2015; Kunze et al, 1999; Kunze, Clerc, Furness, & Gola, 2000; Kunze et al, 1998; Mayer & Wood, 1975; Mazzuoli & Schemann, 2009, 2012; Spencer & Smith, 2004). While these studies suggest roles in mechanosen-sitivity sensing and control of muscle activity, as well as a servo-feedback loop (Mazzuoli-Weber & Schemann, 2015), the identities of the mechano-sensitive ion channels responsible for mechanotransduction are largely unknown. Only one study identified a molecular transduction mechanism, which involved the activation of a large conductance BK-like potassium channel (Kunze et al, 2000).…”

Section: Mechanosensitive Ion Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Alcaino

Farrugia

Beyder

2017

Current Topics in Membranes

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Sensation of mechanical forces is critical for normal function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and abnormalities in mechanosensation are linked to GI pathologies. In the GI tract there are several mechanosensitive cell types—epithelial enterochromaffin cells, intrinsic and extrinsic enteric neurons, smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. These cells use mechanosensitive ion channels that respond to mechanical forces by altering transmembrane ionic currents in a process called mechanoelectrical coupling. Several mechanosensitive ionic conductances have been identified in the mechano-sensory GI cells, ranging from mechanosensitive voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels to the mechanogated ion channels, such as the two-pore domain potassium channels K2P (TREK-1) and nonselective cation channels from the transient receptor potential family. The recently discovered Piezo channels are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to cellular mechanosensitivity. Piezo1 and Piezo2 are nonselective cationic ion channels that are directly activated by mechanical forces and have well-defined biophysical and pharmacologic properties. The role of Piezo channels in the GI epithelium is currently under investigation and their role in the smooth muscle syncytium and enteric neurons is still not known. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge on mechanosensitive ion channels in the GI tract, with a focus on the known and potential functions of the Piezo channels.

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“…This indicates that duodenal sensitivity to distension‐induced contraction in rabbits on long‐term low‐fiber diet decreased. It is well known that the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic and extrinsic enteric neurons, smooth muscle cells, and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which respond to mechanical deformations by altering transmembrane ionic currents in a process called mechanoelectrical coupling . It has been demonstrated that factors such as aging and diabetes change the mechanosensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress–strain analysis of duodenal contractility in response to flow and ramp distension in rabbits fed low‐fiber diet

Liu

Zhao

Liao

et al. 2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Previously we demonstrated that low‐fiber diet in rabbits affects the passive mechanomorphological properties in the small intestine, resulting in reduced intestinal wall thickness and collagen content, as well as intestinal wall softening. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contractility in rabbits on long‐term low‐fiber diet and specifically to compare the contraction threshold, the frequency, and the amplitude of flow‐induced and distension‐induced contractions in the duodenum between rabbits on normal diet and on long‐term low‐fiber diet. Methods Ten rabbits were fed a low‐fiber diet for 5 months (Intervention group), and five rabbits were fed normal diet (Control group). The duodenal segments were used for determination of mechanical parameters for analyses of contractility. The duodenal experiments were carried out in organ baths containing physiological Krebs solution. Pressure and diameter changes induced by contractions in response to flow and ramp distension were measured. The frequencies and amplitude of contractions were analyzed. Distension‐induced contraction thresholds and maximum contraction amplitude of flow‐induced contractions were calculated in terms of mechanical stress and strain. Multiple linear regression analyses were applied to study dependencies between contractility parameters and wall thickness, wall area, and muscle layer thickness. Key results During distension, the pressure, stress, and strain thresholds for induction of phasic contraction were biggest in the Intervention Group (P < 0.05). In addition, the contraction frequencies during flow‐induced contraction were highest in the Intervention Group (P < 0.05), whereas the maximum contraction amplitudes in terms of pressure, diameter, stress, and strain were lowest in the Intervention Group (P < 0.05). The contraction thresholds and contraction frequencies were negatively associated with the wall thickness, wall area, and muscle layer thickness, whereas maximum contraction amplitudes were positively associated with the wall thickness, wall area, and muscle layer thickness. Conclusions and inferences Duodenal contractility in rabbits fed with long‐term low‐fiber diet exhibited low contraction amplitudes and high contraction thresholds and frequencies. The changes were associated with the low‐fiber diet‐induced histomorphological remodeling. Studies on detailed structural and functional diet‐induced changes in smooth muscle and intestinal nerves are needed for better understanding the remodeling mechanisms.

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Mechanosensitivity in the enteric nervous system

Cited by 47 publications

References 46 publications

Two modes of enteric gliotransmission differentially affect gut physiology

Two modes of enteric gliotransmission differentially affect gut physiology

Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Stress–strain analysis of duodenal contractility in response to flow and ramp distension in rabbits fed low‐fiber diet

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