Mechanisms of Shared Vulnerability to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

Maria-Rios, Cristina E; Morrow, Jonathan D.

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00006

Cited by 74 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 370 publications

(393 reference statements)

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“…At the same time, dealing with a mental disorder may also contribute to the formation of particular stressors (or complication of those already existing), by interfering with functional impairment, often observed across various mental disorders. Behaviors surrounding drug seeking, drug use, or addiction can increase individuals' risk of witnessing or experiencing traumatic stressors (e.g., violence, overdose death) ( 91 ), or generate stressors in the form of interpersonal conflict, legal consequences, or employment or financial instability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent/Childhood Adversities and Mental Disorders Among US Immigrants

Cano

Takeuchi

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Past research documents the heterogeneity in US immigrants, particularly in terms of racial and ethnic categories and specific ethnic subgroups. The present study builds on this research foundation by investigating heterogeneity in immigrants' experiences of adversity, both recent and during childhood, and associations with mental disorders. Data are drawn from 6,131 adult immigrants in the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Prevalence estimates for mental disorders and adversities were calculated overall and by gender. Latent class analysis was utilized to characterize patterns of self-reported experiences of childhood and recent adversities, and multinomial logistic regression established the statistical association between latent class membership and past-year mental disorder outcomes (substance use disorder only, mood/anxiety/trauma disorder only, co-occurring disorder, or no mental disorder). Neglect was the most commonly-reported childhood adversity among immigrant men and women. Prevalence of meeting criteria for a substance use disorder only, or a mood/anxiety/trauma disorder only, varied between men and women, yet no gender differences were observed in prevalence of co-occurring disorders. For latent class analyses, a five-class solution was selected based on fit indices and parsimony. Approximately 10.0% of the sample was categorized in the latent class characterized by severe childhood adversities, while 57.5% was classified in the latent class with low probabilities of reported adversities. The relative risk of meeting criteria for a past-year substance use disorder only (compared to no substance use or mood/anxiety/trauma disorder) was more than three times as high for members of the class with severe childhood adversities (RRR, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.08–5.10), as well as the class with recent employment/financial adversities (RRR, 3.82; 95% CI, 2.36–6.19), compared to the class with low adversities. The relative risk of past-year co-occurring disorders (compared to no disorder) was more than 12 times as high for those in the severe childhood adversities class (RRR, 12.21; 95% CI, 7.06–21.10), compared to the class with low adversities. Findings underscore the importance of considering both recent and childhood adversities when assessing and providing services for US immigrant groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent/Childhood Adversities and Mental Disorders Among US Immigrants

Cano

Takeuchi

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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“…PTSD symptom severity positively correlates with risk-taking behaviors, including thrill seeking and risky sexual behaviors. 86 – 88 Notably, PTSD is also highly comorbid with substance abuse: 80 , 89 – 92 According to the American Addiction Center, 50–66% of PTSD-sufferers have comorbid substance abuse issues. According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, depression—a disorder highly defined by its reward-system deficits—has the highest substance abuse comorbidity prevalence of all psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Ptsd and External Reward Seekingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?

et al. 2021

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder and a highly debilitating condition. Although anhedonia is an important construct of the disorder, the relationship between PTSD and reward functioning is still under-researched. To date, the majority of research on PTSD has focused on fear: fear learning, maintenance, and extinction. Here we review the relevant literature—including clinical observations, self-report data, neuroimaging research, and animal studies—in order to examine the potential effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on the reward system. Our current lack of sufficient insight into how trauma affects the reward system is one possible hindrance to clinical progress. The current review highlights the need for further investigation into the complex relationship between exposure to trauma and the reward system to further our understandings of the ethology of PTSD.

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“…Clinical observations, case reports and epidemiological studies first suggested high rates of comorbidity between PTSD and substance use disorders (SUD), prompting translational research examining the possibility of overlapping neural mechanisms. Many studies have demonstrated a high comorbidity of PTSD with drug addiction in both clinical and community samples[ 38 , 39 ]. Approximately 36% to 50% of those that meet criteria for SUD also meet criteria for lifetime PTSD, and those with PTSD predictably have a history of drug abuse or dependence[ 40 ].…”

Section: Comorbidity Of Ptsd and Substance Use Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain reward circuitry: The overlapping neurobiology of trauma and substance use disorders

Michaels¹,

Stone²,

Singal³

et al. 2021

WJP

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Mental health symptoms secondary to trauma exposure and substance use disorders (SUDs) co-occur frequently in both clinical and community samples. The possibility of a shared aetiology remains an important question in translational neuroscience. Advancements in genetics, basic science, and neuroimaging have led to an improved understanding of the neural basis of these disorders, their frequent comorbidity and high rates of relapse remain a clinical challenge. This project aimed to conduct a review of the field’s current understanding regarding the neural circuitry underlying posttraumatic stress disorder and SUD. A comprehensive review was conducted of available published literature regarding the shared neurobiology of these disorders, and is summarized in detail, including evidence from both animal and clinical studies. Upon summarizing the relevant literature, this review puts forth a hypothesis related to their shared neurobiology within the context of fear processing and reward cues. It provides an overview of brain reward circuitry and its relation to the neurobiology, symptomology, and phenomenology of trauma and substance use. This review provides clinical insights and implications of the proposed theory, including the potential development of novel pharmacological and therapeutic treatments to address this shared neurobiology. Limitations and extensions of this theory are discussed to provide future directions and insights for this shared phenomena.

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Mechanisms of Shared Vulnerability to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

Cited by 74 publications

References 370 publications

Recent/Childhood Adversities and Mental Disorders Among US Immigrants

Recent/Childhood Adversities and Mental Disorders Among US Immigrants

The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?

Brain reward circuitry: The overlapping neurobiology of trauma and substance use disorders

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