Mechanisms of oral-pharyngeal dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease

Anxiety, depression and swallowing disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease

“…SDs comprise a common complication (up to 95%) of patients with PD and are considered to be the major cause of death [9]. In patients with PD, SDs affect all three stages of swallowing, oral, pharyngeal and esophageal [10][11].…”

Effects of Therapy for Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review

“…The pathologic mechanisms of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease are not quite clear. Oropharyngeal bradykinesia and rigidity, incomplete cricopharyngeal relaxation, reduced cricopharyngeal opening, and delayed initiation of the swallowing reflex have been suggested as possible mechanisms of dysphagia in this patient population [1,4]. Among the different therapies for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease, rehabilitative treatment (swallowing training), cricopharyngeal sphincterotomy, and pharmacologic therapies have been reported.…”

“…Dysphagia is a frequent symptom of Parkinson's disease [1][2][3] and is often associated with considerable morbidity and mortality due to nutritional and pulmonary complications [1,2]. Dysphagia is observed more often in patients with an advanced stage of Parkinson's disease [4].…”

“…In the literature, the prevalence of dysphagia varies from 18.5 to 100% [2,3]. However, as many as 15% of the patients with Parkinson's disease show silent aspiration and do not complain of dysphagia [1]. The pathologic mechanisms of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease are not quite clear.…”

Esophageal Motility Disorders

“…Parkinson hastalarının sadece %15-20'si yutma problemlerinden şikâyetçi olmasına rağmen hastaların %95'inden fazlasında videofloroskopide defekt saptanabilir (3,9). Hastalarda faringial kontraksiyon ve yutmaya cevapta gecikme vardır.…”