Mechanisms of NO2 Detection in Hybrid Structures Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Review

Drewniak, Sabina; Drewniak, Łukasz; Pustelny, T.

doi:10.3390/s22145316

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…However, among all gas sensors, electrical or chemical resistance gas sensors are attracting the prime attention due to low cost and power consumption, small size, and simple fabrication process. To achieve cost-effective and high-performance electrochemical gas sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and fast response-recovery time, different devices based on various active materials, such as silicon and its compounds [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], metal oxides [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], conductive polymers [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], carbon nanomaterials [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) [ 8 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], have been extensively explored. To develop a high-performance gas sensor that satisfies the aforementioned demand characteristics, it is very important to select suitable sensor types for their working environments (temperature, gas species, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Measurement System Configuration and Operating Conditions on 2D Material-Based Gas Sensor Sensitivity

et al. 2023

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Gas sensors applied in real-time detection of toxic gas leakage, air pollution, and respiration patterns require a reliable test platform to evaluate their characteristics, such as sensitivity and detection limits. However, securing reliable characteristics of a gas sensor is difficult, owing to the structural difference between the gas sensor measurement platform and the difference in measurement methods. This study investigates the effect of measurement conditions and system configurations on the sensitivity of two-dimensional (2D) material-based gas sensors. Herein, we developed a testbed to evaluate the response characteristics of MoS2-based gas sensors under a NO2 gas flow, which allows variations in their system configurations. Additionally, we demonstrated that the distance between the gas inlet and the sensor and gas inlet orientation influences the sensor performance. As the distance to the 2D gas sensor surface decreased from 4 to 2 mm, the sensitivity of the sensor improved to 9.20%. Furthermore, when the gas inlet orientation was perpendicular to the gas sensor surface, the sensitivity of the sensor was the maximum (4.29%). To attain the optimum operating conditions of the MoS2-based gas sensor, the effects of measurement conditions, such as gas concentration and temperature, on the sensitivity of the gas sensor were investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Measurement System Configuration and Operating Conditions on 2D Material-Based Gas Sensor Sensitivity

et al. 2023

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“…If the oxygen-containing functional groups are varied, this results in reduced GO (rGO) and more diverse properties, facilitating its application in various types of sensors. For example, removing the hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups confers high electrical and thermal conductivity on rGO-based strain or bending sensors. , When the oxygen-containing functional groups are removed, rGO-based humidity sensors have a wider detection limit. , When the oxygen-containing functional groups are transferred to nitrogen-containing functional groups, rGO-based gas/liquid sensors exhibit an ultrasensitive response to nitrogen-containing molecules such as NO X or dopamine. , Up to now, expect the traditional chemical synthesis methods, , diverse one-step and harmless strategies have been applied to produce rGO, including one-step deposition, laser treatment and targeted photodeposition . Among the varieties of rGO, femtosecond laser rGO (fs-rGO) is valued for its high spatial resolution and chemical free.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide/Gold Composite Using a Shaped Femtosecond Laser for Multifunctional Sensors

Zhu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The mixture of graphene oxide and noble metal nanoparticles has been widely used in flexible multifunctional sensors. Femtosecond lasers are regarded as useful tools for sensor fabrication through direct inscribing. Normally, the laser power is adjusted to optimize the sensing performances. However, the process between the laser and the sample can be effectively altered by the temporal distribution of the pulse and the laser wavelength. This paper proposes a controllable photoreduction of graphene oxide/gold composite method using a shaped femtosecond laser and promotes its application on multifunctional sensors. Different from the strong reliance of the photoreduction process on laser fluence, femtosecond laser shaping expands the controllability range of the photoreduction degree. By combining the parameters of fluence, temporal distribution, laser wavelength, humidity, and strain multifunctional sensors can be both optimized by controlling the laser reduction. The strain sensor exhibits good linearity with a gauge factor of 67.2 in a strain range of 28.2%; the sensitivity of the humidity sensor is improved by 68.4%. The humidity sensor maintains its performance after 28 days, and the strain sensor maintains its stability after 5000 cycles of stretching. The multifunctional sensor can be applied to detect human breath and human pulse and holds value for human health monitoring.

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“…In this context, the excellent properties of graphene , have also made it an ideal candidate for gas sensing purposes. , However, there are two main drawbacks associated with the use of graphene as a gas sensor. On the one hand, pristine graphene does not have dangling bonds, defects, or functional groups, known to exert a strong influence on the gas adsorption process . On the other hand, its high cost and low-capacity production somewhat limit its application .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, pristine graphene does not have dangling bonds, defects, or functional groups, known to exert a strong influence on the gas adsorption process. 13 On the other hand, its high cost and low-capacity production somewhat limit its application. 14 Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a graphene derivative that is more attractive for sensing applications, mainly due to its lower production costs and richer sorption sites compared to graphene.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noble-Metal-Free Reduced Graphene Oxide Platforms for Room-Temperature H₂ Sensing in High-Humidity Conditions

Schipani

Puig

Morales

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensorsfree from noble-metal nanoparticleswere prepared and tested at room temperature (21 °C) against hydrogen (H2) in high-humidity conditions (above 90% r.h.). The rGO material was obtained through a simple chemical/thermal protocol from graphene oxide (GO) as the starting material, using ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. The degree of reduction of GO was tuned by modifying the chemo-thermal conditions, which allowed shaping the sensing response. The latter was demonstrated to scale with the sp2 carbon (Csp2) content of the rGO structure, which varied from ∼40%-Csp2 for the least-reduced sample to ∼70%-Csp2 for the highest-reduced material. Current–voltage measurements revealed the influence of the reduction on the electronic conduction mechanisms, evidencing a shift from a strong nonlinear behavior (with a component characteristic of a space charge limited conduction mechanism, SCLC) to a pure ohmic-like response as the reduction of GO proceeded. To evaluate the selectivity of the sensors to the target molecule, different oxidizing and reducing gases other than H2 (CO, CO2, and NO2) were also tested. The highest-reduced sample showed a superior response when exposed to a range of H2 concentrations in an atmosphere with humidity levels above 90% r.h. In these conditions, a negligible cross-sensitivity to CO, CO2, and NO2 was achieved. For the top-performance sensor, the response (t 66) and recovery (t rec) times were calculated to be 72 and 374 s (at 0.05% H2), respectively, with a sensitivity of 0.7% and an estimated detection limit of 2.5 ppm of H2.

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Mechanisms of NO2 Detection in Hybrid Structures Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 75 publications

Effect of Measurement System Configuration and Operating Conditions on 2D Material-Based Gas Sensor Sensitivity

Effect of Measurement System Configuration and Operating Conditions on 2D Material-Based Gas Sensor Sensitivity

Controllable Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide/Gold Composite Using a Shaped Femtosecond Laser for Multifunctional Sensors

Noble-Metal-Free Reduced Graphene Oxide Platforms for Room-Temperature H₂ Sensing in High-Humidity Conditions

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Mechanisms of NO2 Detection in Hybrid Structures Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 75 publications

Effect of Measurement System Configuration and Operating Conditions on 2D Material-Based Gas Sensor Sensitivity

Effect of Measurement System Configuration and Operating Conditions on 2D Material-Based Gas Sensor Sensitivity

Controllable Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide/Gold Composite Using a Shaped Femtosecond Laser for Multifunctional Sensors

Noble-Metal-Free Reduced Graphene Oxide Platforms for Room-Temperature H2 Sensing in High-Humidity Conditions

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Product

Resources

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Noble-Metal-Free Reduced Graphene Oxide Platforms for Room-Temperature H₂ Sensing in High-Humidity Conditions