Mechanisms of Defence to Pathogens: Biochemistry and Physiology

Garcion, Christophe; Lamotte, Olivier; Cacas, Jean‐Luc; Métraux, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1002/9781118371848.ch6

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…Plant pathogens are responsible for biomolecules in plant tissues, which can be used to explain disease resistance mechanisms in plants. Disease defense is associated with support of the plant cell wall, which is the most important barrier in the plant [ 9 ]. The mechanism of resistance of mutant wheat to disease has been compared before and after fungal pathogen inoculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Chitooligosaccharide Mechanism against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice by In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Siriwong

Thepbandit

Hoang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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This study focuses on a commercial plant elicitor based on chitooligosaccharides (BIG®), which aids in rice plant growth and disease resistance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB). When the pathogen (Xoo) vigorously attacks rice that has suffered yield losses, it can cause damage in up to 20% of the plant. Furthermore, Xoo is a seed-borne pathogen that can survive in rice seeds for an extended period. In this study, when rice seeds were soaked and sprayed with BIG®, there was a significant increase in shoot and root length, as well as plant biomass. Furthermore, BIG®-treated rice plants showed a significant reduction in BLB severity of more than 33%. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) analysis was used to characterize BIG®’s mechanism in the chemical structure of rice leaves. The SR-FTIR results at 1650, 1735, and 1114 cm−1 indicated changes in biochemical components such as pectins, lignins, proteins, and celluloses. These findings demonstrated that commercial BIG® not only increased rice growth but also induced resistance to BLB. The drug’s target enzyme, Xoo 1075 from Xanthomonas oryzae (PDB ID: 5CY8), was analyzed for its interactions with polymer ingredients, specifically chitooligosaccharides, to gain molecular insights down to the atomic level. The results are intriguing, with a strong binding of the chitooligosaccharide polymer with the drug target, revealing 10 hydrogen bonds between the protein and polymer. Overall, the computational analysis supported the experimentally demonstrated strong binding of chitooligosaccharides to the drug target.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Chitooligosaccharide Mechanism against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice by In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Siriwong

Thepbandit

Hoang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Plants do not have known immune systems like in animals, but they have developed wide defences mechanisms such as structural, chemical, and protein-based defences (Freeman & Beattie, 2008). The plant defense happens before (pre-existing barriers) and during pathogen infection (pathogen-or microbe-associated molecular patterns/ PAMPs or MAMPs) (Garcion et al 2014). Furthermore, Zhinhuan et al (2000) reported that the plants resistant to blight generally involve the production of enzymes in cell walls that can suppress the pathogens' growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Foxtail Millet Candidate Varieties from Nagekeo Regency to Leaf Blight (Bipolaris setariae)

2021

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Foxtail millet has the potential to be developed as a healthier food alternative because of its high nutritional value. Disease such as leaf blight caused by Bipolaris setariae is one of the limiting factors in Foxtail millet productivity. One of the efforts to control the pathogen is by utilizing resistant varieties. In this study, two candidate varieties and two germplasm accessions were tested to determine the level of resistance to Bipolaris setariae leaf blight. The study was arranged based on a complete randomized design with six replications. Each test material was inoculated with the spore suspension at 4 WAP. Disease intensity was observed based on the disease scoring at 7, 9, and 11 WAP. AUDPC value is calculated based on the intensity of the attack at a particular observation time. Grain weight was recorded and statistically analyzed. The two candidate varieties of foxtail millet Pagamogo and Tedamude from Nagekeo Regency showed a moderately resistant response to leaf blight and had the lowest AUDPC values of 907.69 and 912.31. The highest increase in AUDPC values was observed in the initial observation period at 0-49 DAP.

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“…In addition, it is also capable of oxidative polymerization or alkylation of proteins, forming polymers that are toxic to pathogens or melanin pigments. Those act as physical barriers to prevent the pathogens infected into healthy tissues, especially saprophytes fungi Leach et al, 1989;Li & Steffens, 2002;Mayer, 2006) PAL enzyme plays an important role in the phenylpropanoid cycle for the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phytoalexins, and lignin monomers (Garcion et al, 2014;Potato et al, 1989). Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and other phenolic compounds are generally secondary metabolites in plants with a wide variety of chemical structures.…”

Section: Phenylalanine Ammonialyase Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seed soaking and foliar spraying of Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous leaf extracts against rice bacterial leaf blight

Truong Van,

Tran,

Thai

et al. 2023

CTU J. of Inn. & Sus. Dev.

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This study aims at evaluating the disease-reducing effects against rice bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). Under greenhouse conditions, the activities of the four enzymes [peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)] after application of Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous leaf extracts using the combination of seed soaking and foliar spraying were studied. Overall, two extract concentrations [1 and 2% (w/v)] applied as seed soaking combined with the five extract concentrations [1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/v)] applied as foliar spraying were tested. Three application methods were furthermore used for foliar spraying (7 days before pathogen inoculation (DBI), 14 DBI and their combination). Results showed the effects increased with the increase of extract concentrations and durations from application time points prior to pathogen inoculation. The combination of foliar spraying at 7 and 14 DBI provided stronger protection compared to single sprays. The effects involved induced resistance. Indeed, the activities of POX and CAT increased until 4 days after inoculation (DAI) and remained until 7 DAI, while those of PPO and PAL increased similarly then decreased until 7 DAI. Activities of these enzymes increased after pathogen inoculation and reached higher levels with extract applications.

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Mechanisms of Defence to Pathogens: Biochemistry and Physiology

Cited by 18 publications

References 247 publications

Identification of a Chitooligosaccharide Mechanism against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice by In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Identification of a Chitooligosaccharide Mechanism against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice by In Vitro and In Silico Studies

The Response of Foxtail Millet Candidate Varieties from Nagekeo Regency to Leaf Blight (Bipolaris setariae)

Effects of seed soaking and foliar spraying of Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous leaf extracts against rice bacterial leaf blight

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