Mechanics of longitudinal cracks in tooth enamel

Barani, Amir; Keown, Amanda J.; Bush, Mark B.; Lee, J.J-W.; Chai, Herzl; Lawn, Brian R.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.038

Cited by 66 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This is in contrast to our experimental results which show that the enamel's fracture toughness is as large as dentine's [21]. Crack propagation in human teeth based on the extended finite element method is computationally modeled in [33]. Both analyses are limited to the macroscale and completely ignore the underlying microstructure.…”

Section: Dental Enamel Of Bovine Teethcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Towards bio-inspired engineering materials: Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of hierarchical bovine dental structure

Bargmann

Scheider

Xiao

et al. 2013

Computational Materials Science

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Section: Dental Enamel Of Bovine Teethcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Towards bio-inspired engineering materials: Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of hierarchical bovine dental structure

Bargmann

Scheider

Xiao

et al. 2013

Computational Materials Science

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“…The basis of the tooth modelling has been outlined in earlier articles [35][36][37]39], and only essential elements are reproduced here. The tooth is considered to consist of an enamel shell with nominal uniform thickness d on a cylindrical base with net height H and base radius R bonded to a dentine interior, depicted in the insets of figure 3.…”

Section: Setting Up the Cusp Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That modelling, validated by laboratory fracture tests on extracted human molars, has enabled the derivation of analytical relations for predicting the critical loads governing longitudinal fracture in terms of characteristic tooth dimensions [36]. Generally, these critical loads increase with tooth base radius and height and enamel thickness [36,37]. More recent expansion of modelling to molar teeth with a symmetrical four-cusp structure [35,39], although preliminary in its findings, paints the way to a more comprehensive understanding of cuspal complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many omnivorous mammals, it is fracture that most often challenges tooth integrity, especially in the postcanine teeth where the brunt of the bite force is sustained during mastication. The basic form of fracture is a longitudinal crack that propagates stably with steadily increasing or repeating load from the occlusal contact to the gum line (radial crack), or vice versa (margin crack) [28,36]. Longitudinal cracks proliferate in the enamel over time, and can be used as a diagnostic to evaluate bite force and infer the nature of the food source (hard or soft) in mammals with low-crowned (bunodont) postcanines [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the evolutionary advantage of multi-cusped teeth

Constantino

Bush

Barani

et al. 2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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A hallmark of mammalian evolution is a progressive complexity in postcanine tooth morphology. However, the driving force for this complexity remains unclear: whether to expand the versatility in diet source, or to bolster tooth structural integrity. In this study, we take a quantitative approach to this question by examining the roles of number, position and height of multiple cusps in determining sustainable bite forces. Our approach is to use an extended finite-element methodology with due provision for stepby-step growth of an embedded crack to determine how fracture progresses with increasing occlusal load. We argue that multi-cusp postcanine teeth are well configured to withstand high bite forces provided that multiple cusps are contacted simultaneously to share the load. However, contact on a single near-wall cusp diminishes the strength. Location of the load points and cusp height, rather than cusp number or radius, are principal governing factors. Given these findings, we conclude that while complex tooth structures can enhance durability, increases in cusp number are more likely to be driven by the demands of food manipulation. Structural integrity of complex teeth is maintained when individual cusps remain sufficiently distant from the side walls and do not become excessively tall relative to tooth width.

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Simulation of enamel wear for reconstruction of diet and feeding behavior in fossil animals: A micromechanics approach

Constantino¹,

Borrero‐López²,

Pajares³

et al. 2015

BioEssays

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The deformation and wear events that underlie microwear and macrowear signals commonly used for dietary reconstruction in fossil animals can be replicated and quantified by controlled laboratory tests on extracted tooth specimens in conjunction with fundamental micromechanics analysis. Key variables governing wear relations include angularity, stiffness (modulus), and size of the contacting particle, along with material properties of enamel. Both axial and sliding contacts can result in the removal of tooth enamel. The degree of removal, characterized by a "wear coefficient," varies strongly with particle content at the occlusal interface. Conditions leading to a transition from mild to severe wear are discussed. Measurements of wear traces can provide information about contact force and particle shape. The potential utility of the micromechanics methodology as an adjunct for investigating tooth durability and reconstructing diet is explored.

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Mechanics of longitudinal cracks in tooth enamel

Cited by 66 publications

References 47 publications

Towards bio-inspired engineering materials: Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of hierarchical bovine dental structure

Towards bio-inspired engineering materials: Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of hierarchical bovine dental structure

On the evolutionary advantage of multi-cusped teeth

Simulation of enamel wear for reconstruction of diet and feeding behavior in fossil animals: A micromechanics approach

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