Mechanically robust pyrolyzed carbon produced by two photon polymerization

Serles, Peter; Haché, Michel J.R.; Tam, Jason; Maguire, Alianna; Li, Tao; Wang, Guorui; Sebastian, Keith; Lou, Jun; Jia, Charles Q.; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Zou, Yu; Filleter, Tobin

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.09.016

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Ultra‐small structure construction is challenging because the printed polymer needs to be dense enough to avoid deformation of the final structure [38] . Thus, we optimized the printing parameters (Figure S1 and Table S1) and found for 1 μm bridges, the optimal slicing and hatching distance was 100 nm (or 0.1 μm), which is the practical minimum value for Nanoscribe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultra-small structure construction is challenging because the printed polymer needs to be dense enough to avoid deformation of the final structure. [38] Thus, we optimized the printing parameters (Figure S1 and Table S1) and found for 1 μm bridges, the optimal slicing and hatching distance was 100 nm (or 0.1 μm), which is the practical minimum value for Nanoscribe. For larger structures, the density can be decreased to shorten the printing time; for example, slicing and hatching distances of 0.5 μm are sufficient for bridges wider than 4 μm.…”

Section: Optimization Of Nanoneedles With Different Bridge Diameters ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

Shao,

Zhao,

Dunham

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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In vivo electrochemistry in small brain regions or synapses requires nanoelectrodes with long straight tips for submicron scale measurements. Nanoelectrodes can be fabricated using a Nanoscribe two‐photon printer, but annealed tips curl if they are long and thin. We propose a new pulling‐force strategy to fabricate a straight carbon nanoneedle structure. A micron‐width bridge is printed between two blocks. The annealed structure shrinks during pyrolysis, and the blocks create a pulling force to form a long, thin, and straight carbon bridge. Parameterization study and COMSOL modeling indicate changes in the block size, bridge size and length affect the pulling force and bridge shrinkage. Electrodes were printed on niobium wires, insulated with aluminum oxide, and the bridge cut with focused ion beam (FIB) to expose the nanoneedle tip. Annealed needle diameters ranged from 400 nm to 5.25 µm and length varied from 50.5 µm to 146 µm. The electrochemical properties are similar to glassy carbon, with good performance for dopamine detection with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Nanoelectrodes enable biological applications, such as dopamine detection in a specific Drosophila brain region. Long and thin nanoneedles are generally useful for other applications such as cellular sensing, drug delivery, or gas sensing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Of Nanoneedles With Different Bridge Diameters ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

Shao,

Zhao,

Dunham

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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“…The 3D imaging was validated using nano-additive manufacture targets produced by two-photon polymerization (Nanoscribe GmbH, PPGT2) of IP-Dip2 positive photoresist on glass. [25] . After photopolymerization, the polymer has a refractive index of 1.547.…”

Section: Validation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-TDHM: Open-source portable telecentric digital holographic microscope

Jin,

Yu,

et al. 2024

HardwareX

Self Cite

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“…[ 443 ] The materials are usually carbonized, benefiting from the properties expected from high strength carbon materials. [ 452 ] Calcination can also be used in cases where material inversion is required. Performing atomic layer deposition on top of the organic 3D template and later evaporating it results in production of hollow inorganic structures.…”

Section: Fabrication Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Photon Polymerization Lithography for Optics and Photonics: Fundamentals, Materials, Technologies, and Applications

Wang

Zhang

Ladika

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad of advanced three-dimensional printing techniques, two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL) uniquely offers a significant electron microscope (SEM) images of SMP structures before and after programming and after recovery, respectively. Reproduced under terms of the CC-BY license. [114] Copyright 2021, The Authors, published by Nature Publishing Group. b) Stiff SMPs for high-resolution reversible nanophotonics. I-II) The deformed and recovered nanopillars under optical microscope and SEM, respectively. Reproduced with permission. [115] Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. c) Vapor-responsive photonic arrays. I-IV) Optical image of a grid array in air, in water vapors ~ 20 s, saturation with water vapors ~ 88s, and after the gas flow stopped, respectively.Reproduced under terms of the CC-BY license. [116] Copyright 2021, The Authors, published by Royal Society of Chemistry. d) SEM image of a 40-layer face-cantered-cubic photonic structure printed by SU-8. Reproduced with permission. [117] Copyright 2004, Nature Publishing Group. e) SEM image of helices with an axial pitch of 800 nm and a radius of 800 nm fabricated by the two-step absorption photoresist. Reproduced with permission. [118]

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Mechanically robust pyrolyzed carbon produced by two photon polymerization

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

P-TDHM: Open-source portable telecentric digital holographic microscope

Two‐Photon Polymerization Lithography for Optics and Photonics: Fundamentals, Materials, Technologies, and Applications

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