Mechanical Influences on Skeletal Regeneration

Carter, D. R.; Polefka, E. G. Loboa; Beaupre, Gary S.

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-66967-8_17

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The application of stem cells also induced more new bone formation thus requiring angiogenesis to also increase accordingly. For example, a previous study showed that in the regions of poor vascularity, the undifferentiated pluripotential cells were shunted into a chondrogenic, rather than an osteogenic, pathway [54]. In the present study, no chondro-like tissues were found in the defects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

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Umbilical cord and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell seeding on macroporous calcium phosphate for bone regeneration in rat cranial defects

et al. 2013

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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are inexhaustible and can be harvested at a low cost without an invasive procedure. However, there has been no report on comparing hUCMSCs with human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) for bone regeneration in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate hUCMSC and hBMSC seeding on macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC), and to compare their bone regeneration in critical-sized cranial defects in rats. Cell attachment, osteogenic differentiation and mineral synthesis on RGD-modified macroporous CPC were investigated in vitro. Scaffolds with cells were implanted in 8-mm defects of athymic rats. Bone regeneration was investigated via micro-CT and histological analysis at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Three groups were tested: CPC with hUCMSCs, CPC with hBMSCs, and CPC control without cells. Percentage of live cells and cell density on CPC in vitro were similarly good for hUCMSCs and hBMSCs. Both cells had high osteogenic expressions of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, collagen I, and Runx2. Bone mineral density and trabecular thickness in hUCMSC and hBMSC groups in vivo were greater than those of CPC control group. New bone amount for hUCMSC-CPC and hBMSC-CPC constructs was increased by 57% and 88%, respectively, while blood vessel density was increased by 15% and 20%, than CPC control group at 24 weeks. hUCMSC-CPC and hBMSC-CPC groups generally had statistically similar bone mineral density, new bone amount and vessel density. In conclusion, hUCMSCs seeded on CPC were shown to match the bone regeneration efficacy of hBMSCs in vivo for the first time. Both hUCMSC-CPC and hBMSC-CPC constructs generated much more new bone and blood vessels than CPC without cells. Macroporous RGD-grafted CPC with stem cell seeding is promising for craniofacial and orthopedic repairs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…The regenerating new tissues have low oxygen tension and high metabolic needs which promote angiogenesis [54]. Thus, a dense capillary network during repair is needed to deliver oxygen and nutrients, and to clear away cellular debris [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Umbilical cord and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell seeding on macroporous calcium phosphate for bone regeneration in rat cranial defects

et al. 2013

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“…In regions where there is a poor vascularity, the undifferentiated pluripotential cells are shunted into a chondrogenic rather than an osteogenic pathway 47 . In a study in rabbits, using an antiangiogenic substance, Mair and colleagues 48 found that in areas of extensive bone formation, the inhibition of blood vessel formation negatively affected the osseointegration process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alveolar Ridge Regeneration with Equine Spongy Bone: A Clinical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Case Series

Stefano¹,

Artese

Iezzi

et al. 2009

Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research

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“…Previous computational analyses of tissue differentiation have modeled tissue as either a linearly elastic, single phase Carter et al 2000;Claes and Heigele 1999;Meroi and Natali Fig. 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanobiology of soft skeletal tissue differentiation?a computational approach of a fiber-reinforced poroelastic model based on homogeneous and isotropic simplifications

Loboa

Wren

Beaupre

et al. 2003

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology

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The material properties of multipotent mesenchymal tissue change dramatically during the differentiation process associated with skeletal regeneration. Using a mechanobiological tissue differentiation concept, and homogeneous and isotropic simplifications of a fiber-reinforced poroelastic model of soft skeletal tissues, we have developed a mathematical approach for describing time-dependent material property changes during the formation of cartilage, fibrocartilage, and fibrous tissue under various loading histories. In this approach, intermittently imposed fluid pressure and tensile strain regulate proteoglycan synthesis and collagen fibrillogenesis, assembly, cross-linking, and alignment to cause changes in tissue permeability (k), compressive aggregate modulus (H(A)), and tensile elastic modulus (E). In our isotropic model, k represents the permeability in the least permeable direction (perpendicular to the fibers) and E represents the tensile elastic modulus in the stiffest direction (parallel to the fibers). Cyclic fluid pressure causes an increase in proteoglycan synthesis, resulting in a decrease in k and increase in H(A) caused by the hydrophilic nature and large size of the aggregating proteoglycans. It further causes a slight increase in E owing to the stiffness added by newly synthesized type II collagen. Tensile strain increases the density, size, alignment, and cross-linking of collagen fibers thereby increasing E while also decreasing k as a result of an increased flow path length. The Poisson's ratio of the solid matrix, nu(s), is assumed to remain constant (near zero) for all soft tissues. Implementing a computer algorithm based on these concepts, we simulate progressive changes in material properties for differentiating tissues. Beginning with initial values of E=0.05 MPa, H(A)=0 MPa, and k=1 x 10(-13) m(4)/Ns for multipotent mesenchymal tissue, we predict final values of E=11 MPa, H(A)=1 MPa, and k=4.8 x 10(-15) m(4)/Ns for articular cartilage, E=339 MPa, H(A)=1 MPa, and k=9.5 x 10(-16) m(4)/Ns for fibrocartilage, and E=1,000 MPa, H(A)=0 MPa, and k=7.5 x 10(-16) m(4)/Ns for fibrous tissue. These final values are consistent with the values reported by other investigators and the time-dependent acquisition of these values is consistent with current knowledge of the differentiation process.

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Mechanical Influences on Skeletal Regeneration

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Umbilical cord and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell seeding on macroporous calcium phosphate for bone regeneration in rat cranial defects

Umbilical cord and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell seeding on macroporous calcium phosphate for bone regeneration in rat cranial defects

Alveolar Ridge Regeneration with Equine Spongy Bone: A Clinical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Case Series

Mechanobiology of soft skeletal tissue differentiation?a computational approach of a fiber-reinforced poroelastic model based on homogeneous and isotropic simplifications

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