Mechanical alloying of the Fe−Zr system. Correlation between input energy and end products

Abstract

Summary. --Kinematic equations describing velocity and acceleration of a ball in a vial of a planetary ball-mill have been derived. The consequent energy transfer from the mill to the system constituted by the powder, the balls and the vials have been evaluated by theoretical-empirical approach. Mixtures of elemental iron and zirconium powders corresponding to the average Fe2Zr composition have been mechanically alloyed in different milling conditions. The end products strongly depend on the operative milling conditions and a clear correlation between them and the input energy has been found. PACS 81.20 -Specialized material fabrications and fabrication techniques.

Using Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify New Amorphous Phases - A Case Study of Carbonato Complex Formed by Mechanochemical Processing

“…1b, during which, when certain conditions are met, the balls are detached from the bowl's internal surface, colliding onto the powder particles on the opposite side. Even if simplified, the mathematical model derived from such an idealized ball movement agreed well with the experimental measurements of power consumption during milling (Burgio et al, 1991;Iasonna & Magini, 1996). In addition, this periodical movement was confirmed by numerical simulations (Watanabe et al, 1995a) and high-speed video camera recordings (Le Brun et al, 1993).…”

Influence of the milling parameters on the mechanical work intensity in planetary mills

“…It has been proposed, based on a collision model [24][25][26], that the power supplied by a planetary mill is proportional to the third power of the spinning rate. From the data in Figure 4a, the same third power dependence between the inverse of the ignition time and the spinning rate (1/t ig µ spinning rate 3 ) can be obtained, as clearly shown by the log-log plot in Figure 4b.…”

“…For instance, models based on a kinematic approach [24][25][26] adequately describe the trajectory of a ball inside the vial of a planetary mill and suppose that collisions are the primary energy-transferring event. The energy of the impact is determined by the kinetic energy difference between the moment at which the ball detaches from the vial and when the ball, after flying at a constant speed, again reaches the surface of the vial and remains in contact with it.…”

“…For these reasons, variation of the ignition time could be used to assess the theoretical models proposed in the literature to describe the energy transferred by a mill during operation. By way of example, the model of Burgio et al [24] was chosen because it describes the energy supplied by a planetary mill using only analytical expressions without any numerical calculation so that it was possible to more easily compare the quantitative predictions of the model with our observational data.…”

Effect of Mechanical Activation on the In Situ Formation of TiB2 Particulates in the Powder Mixture of TiH2 and FeB

“…It is important to know the relationship between processing variables and milling energy, as well as the energy transfers to the milled powder during processing. The milling energy can be calculated from mathematical models [13,14] or direct measurement [15,16]. A method using the electrical energy consumption during the milling process has been systematically reported by Magini et al [17], where the energy transferred to the material was studied by measuring the energy input into the mill with empty and filled vials using a high-precision electrical power meter.…”