Mechanical adaptability of the Bouligand-type structure in natural dermal armour

Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.; Gludovatz, Bernd; Schaible, Eric; Dave, Neil K. N.; Yang, Wen; Meyers, Marc A.; Ritchie, Robert O.

doi:10.1038/ncomms3634

Cited by 285 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similar observations have been made with respect to the periodic region of the dactyl club and helicoidal structures found within most arthropod cuticles as well as other Submitted to 8 natural composite materials including lamellar bone, cell walls of wood and fish scales. [17,18,[28][29][30][31][32][33] Crack deflection is an extrinsic form of toughening that is well-documented in natural composite materials, specifically biomineralized tissues. [3] The periodic nature of hard and soft interfaces, in this case between alpha-chitin fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals, results in a crack-tip shielding effect that changes the crack driving force and thereby arresting crack propagation.…”

Section: A Sinusoidally-architected Helicoidal Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

et al. 2016

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A fibrous herringbone-modified helicoidal architecture is identified within the exocuticle of an impact-resistant crustacean appendage. This previously unreported composite microstructure, which features highly textured apatite mineral templated by an alpha-chitin matrix, provides enhanced stress redistribution and energy absorption over the traditional helicoidal design under compressive loading. Nanoscale toughening mechanisms are also identified using high load nanoindentation and in-situ TEM picoindentation. A Sinusoidally-Architected Helicoidal BiocompositeBy Nicholas A. Yaraghi, Nicolás Guarín-Zapata, Lessa K. Grunenfelder, Eric Hintsala, Sanjit Bhowmick, Jon M. Hiller, Mark Betts, Edward L. Principe, Jae-Young Jung, Leigh Sheppard, Richard Wuhrer, Joanna McKittrick, Pablo D. Zavattieri Keywords: (Composites, Toughness, Impact, Biomineral, Ultrastructure) Submitted to 3 Biologically mineralized composites offer inspiration for the design of next generation structural materials due to their low density, high strength and toughness currently unmatched by engineering technologies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Such properties are based on the ability for the organism to utilize structural organics and acidic proteins to guide and control the mineralization process to yield hierarchical architectures with well-defined compositional gradients.One notable example is the highly developed raptorial appendage, or dactyl, of the stomatopods, a group of aggressive marine crustaceans that use these structures for feeding upon hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey. [10][11][12][13][14] The dactyls of the "smashers", those that feed primarily on hard-shelled prey, (see Figure 1A) takes the form of a bulbous club ( Figure 1B), which is used to smash through mollusk shells, crab exoskeletons, and other tough mineralized structures with tremendous force and speed. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Achieving accelerations over 10,000g and reaching speeds of 23 m/s from rest, the dactyl strike is recognized as one of the fastest and most powerful impacting events observed in Nature. [11,12] The club is capable of delivering and subsequently enduring repetitive impact forces up to 1500 N and cavitation stresses without catastrophically failing, demonstrating its utility as an exceptionally damage-tolerant natural material.The origins of such a mechanical response lie in the structural design. Previous work identified the club as a multi-regional composite material containing an organic matrix composed of alpha-chitin fibers mineralized by amorphous forms of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate as well as crystalline apatite. [17,18] These investigations revealed mechanisms responsible for providing damage-tolerance and impact-resistance to the club, which were largely attributed to the interior of the club (periodic region), identified as the primary energy-absorbing layer. [17,18] The combination of soft polymeric nanofibers and stiffer mineral provides a periodic modulus mismatch leading to crack deflection, which in co...

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Section: A Sinusoidally-architected Helicoidal Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

et al. 2016

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“…25a) [13,[180][181][182]. When a collagen layer is formed, it often has a Bouligandlike structure in order to provide increased toughness and strength in many directions [44,183]. Scales are most commonly arranged in overlapping sheets that allow for smooth motion of the body for locomotion while ensuring full coverage for protection from predators [13,180].…”

Section: Overlapping Fish Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

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Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…One recently discovered and intriguing solution is the stomatopod's dactyl club that is used to strike highly mineralized prey 4 underwater, therefore requiring exceptional damage tolerance for sustaining instantaneous forces above 500 N. At the microscale, crack propagation via impact is impeded by elastic mismatches of locally parallel chitin fibril stacks with constant skews in angle from the layer below, forming a super-layer with oscillating elastic moduli that is representative of a Bouligand-type structure 41 . On a larger scale, the macroscopic configuration of the club includes three distinct domains: the impact surface, a transitional zone with an abrupt decrease in modulus and hardness with respective values of B65 and B3 GPa and a periodic region with oscillating modulus values of 10 and 25 GPa.…”

Section: Multiscale and Multiphasic Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of mechanics in biological and bio-inspired systems

et al. 2015

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Natural systems frequently exploit intricate multiscale and multiphasic structures to achieve functionalities beyond those of man-made systems. Although understanding the chemical make-up of these systems is essential, the passive and active mechanics within biological systems are crucial when considering the many natural systems that achieve advanced properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratios and stimuli-responsive adaptability. Discovering how and why biological systems attain these desirable mechanical functionalities often reveals principles that inform new synthetic designs based on biological systems. Such approaches have traditionally found success in medical applications, and are now informing breakthroughs in diverse frontiers of science and engineering. N atural biological systems are constrained by a limited number of chemical building blocks, yet through practical material organization and mechanics 1 , fulfil the functional needs of diverse organisms by methods that often exceed what is currently achievable using man-made approaches 2 . Synthetic systems are often limited by trade-offs where improving one property comes at the expense of another, as observed when utilizing ceramics in place of metals where a higher elastic modulus is accompanied by lower fracture toughness. However, many natural systems and materials have evolved 3 solutions that result in a number of improved properties simultaneously (for example, high modulus with high fracture toughness), and often produce systems that fulfil multiple functions concurrently. For example, stomatopod dactyl clubs 4 tolerate exceptional amounts of damage through multiphasic material interfaces, and efficient blood-clotting mechanisms are achieved through platelet shape adaptability 5 . These intricate mechanics phenomena, relating material organization and adaptability, are implemented in a structurally minimalistic fashion that is difficult to emulate through artificial manufacturing approaches 6 . Such mechanical functions (that is, mechanofunctionality) of biological systems are not isolated cases-multiscale structural organization also contributes to the hardness of nacre 7 and toughness of toucan beaks 8 , while shape changing commonly drives behaviour in many sea creatures 9 and plants 10 . As such recurrent, mechanically based organizational features throughout biology are discovered and analysed, they provide insight for building exceptional mechanofunctionalities into synthetic, bio-inspired technologies.The survival of organisms is often heightened by structures and materials with favourable properties (for example, load-bearing capacity) or mechanofunctionalities that are passive

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Mechanical adaptability of the Bouligand-type structure in natural dermal armour

Cited by 285 publications

References 18 publications

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

The role of mechanics in biological and bio-inspired systems

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