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Asian Development Bank InstituteThe Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI's working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. This is a revised version of a background paper prepared for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)/ADBI study Role of Key Emerging Economies-ASEAN, the People's Republic of China, and India-for a Balanced, Resilient, and Sustainable Asia.The authors are grateful to Biswa Nath Bhattacharyay, Peter Petri, an anonymous reviewer, and participants at ADBI workshops for many helpful comments and suggestions, as well as to Ejaz Ghani, Pablo Gottret, and Annemie Maertens for generously sharing research and data.The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, the ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, JapanTel:+81-3-3593-5500 Fax:+81-3-3593-5571 URL:www.adbi.org E-mail: info@adbi.org
AbstractDevelopment of a vibrant and competitive services sector is a key characteristic of modern economies. In the developed world, services frequently account for two-thirds or three-quarters of all economic activity. The transition from agriculture through manufacturing to a services economy has been the hallmark of economic development for many countries. In line with this trend, we see many emerging markets currently working hard to support and develop services industries, and to put in place the regulatory structures required for more integrated international services markets. Doing so is likely to form an important part of efforts to avoid the so-called "middle income trap", as improving services sector productivity is key to invigorating the economy and supporting the sustained innovation needed to move to high income status.