Measuring Sustainable Development Goals at a Local Level: A Case of a Metropolitan Area in Romania

Nagy, Júlia A.; Benedek, József; Ivan, Kinga

doi:10.3390/su10113962

Cited by 57 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…b 7 are the unstandardized coefficients; ε is error; NLDI represents the Nigh Light Development Index; Alt is altitude, Long is longitude; Lat is latitude; Income is local tax income; GDP-is gross domestic product per capita; NMR is net migration rate; Pop is population. For classification of the NLDI, we used the natural breaks (Jenks) classification method which aims to ensure natural grouping in the data by minimizing variance between classes and maximizing variance across them [33]. The analysis conducted on the NLDI values for each year taken into consideration shows a downward trend until the economic crisis, followed by a short increase.…”

Section: Nldi = A/(a + B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SDG 10 aims at reducing inequalities, which include, among other actions, empirical evidence production and monitoring the evolution of inequalities within and among countries. The monitoring of the latter is not difficult for most countries where national accounts and national statistical offices have been established [33]. The difficulties are related to the measurement of sub-national regional inequalities, with two shortcuts: scarce statistical data and a considerable time delay in calculating regional GDPs.…”

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Potential of Night-Time Lights to Measure Regional Inequality

et al. 2019

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Night-time lights satellite images provide a new opportunity to measure regional inequality in real-time by developing the Night Light Development Index (NLDI). The NLDI was extracted using the Gini coefficient approach based on population and night light spatial distribution in Romania. Night-time light data were calculated using a grid with a 0.15 km 2 area, based on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) /Operational Linescan System (OLS satellite imagery for the 1992-2013 period and based on the National Polar-orbiting Partnership-Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) satellite imagery for the 2014-2018 period. Two population density grids were created at the level of equal cells (0.15 km 2 ) using ArcGIS and PostgreSQL software, and census data from 1992 and 2011. Subsequently, based on this data and using the Gini index approach, the Night Light Development Index (NLDI) was calculated within the MATLAB software. The NLDI was obtained for 42 administrative counties (nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 3 (NUTS-3 units)) for the 1992-2018 period. The statistical relationship between the NLDI and the socio-economic, demographic, and geographic variables highlighted a strong indirect relationship with local tax income and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The polynomial model proved to be better in estimating income based on the NLDI and R 2 coefficients showed a significant improvement in total variation explained compared to the linear regression model. The NLDI calculated on the basis of night-time lights satellite images proved to be a good proxy for measuring regional inequalities. Therefore, it can play a crucial role in monitoring the progress made in the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 10 (reduced inequalities).The adoption of the 2030 Agenda with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) created a framework for a radical change in the use of geospatial and EO solutions: 60% of the 169 SDG-related targets and 232 indicators can be directly monitored with EO solutions [4]. SDG 10 aims at reducing inequalities, which include, among other actions, empirical evidence production and monitoring the evolution of inequalities within and among countries. The monitoring of the latter is not difficult for most countries where national accounts and national statistical offices have been established [33]. The difficulties are related to the measurement of sub-national regional inequalities, with two shortcuts: scarce statistical data and a considerable time delay in calculating regional GDPs. Our study links statistical and geospatial frameworks for improved monitoring and reporting on SDG 10. At the same time, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to introduce EO solutions in measuring SDG 10 at the sub-national level.We chose Romania as the study area for three reasons: it is one of the most unequal countries of the European Union (EU) [34-40]; these regional inequalities have been generated in the last 20 years [41][42][43]; and the country ...

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Section: Nldi = A/(a + B)mentioning

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Potential of Night-Time Lights to Measure Regional Inequality

et al. 2019

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“…The efficiency of local governments has been analyzed in relation to different public services (e.g., waste collection, drinking water supply, street lighting, and transport). In addition, other aspects have been evaluated such as: The extent of SDGs at the local level [8], the problem of water scarcity in reference to SDGs [9], the analysis of a part of SDG-6 [10], the indicators for evaluating drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related to SDG-6 [11], and the total service gap in reference to target two of SDG-6 [12]. Among them, our study focuses on the SDG-6 from the perspective of Spanish local governments, considering that access to drinking water represents a fundamental need for the citizens [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Efficiency in the Spanish Clean Water and Sanitation Sector

2020

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In recent years, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is becoming a major challenge for local governments. This research focuses on the role of Spanish local governments in the fulfillment of SDG-6, which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all citizens. Specifically, this study analyses the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments, and its determining factors, in the achievement of the SDG-6. The results indicate that the taxes associated with water supply and sanitation services, the private management of these services, population density, local government budget revenues, the income of the inhabitants of the municipality and the fragmentation of local governments are factors that can improve the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments in achieving the SDG-6.Sustainability 2020, 12, 3015 2 of 13 debate on the efficiency in the management of water resources, which has become even more relevant with Agenda 2030 and, in particular, in relation to SDG-6. In this regard, measuring the evolution of the efficiency in the provision of water supply and sanitation services, and identifying how it can be improved to achieve SDG-6, is a further step towards the prosperity of the planet and people. However, despite the relevance of the topic, previous studies have investigated the efficiency of local governments in the provision of drinking water through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and regression models. These approaches do not allow the measurement of inter-annual efficiency. In light of this, there is a clear need for more advanced methodologies capable of enabling a better understanding of the phenomenon. In this regard, our study aims to fill this important gap by using a different approach, represented by the Malmquist index (inter-annual evolution of efficiency) and a truncated regression model. In fact, this methodology allows an assessment of the inter-annual evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments in relation to the resources used to achieve SDG-6.Regarding the analysis of the determinants, this study investigates the impact of the characteristics of the service and the demographic, economic, and political factors of the municipality represented by taxes, type of management, population density, level of tourism, citizens' income, political ideology and political strength of the government.The structure of this study is organized as follows. After this introduction, we review the literature analyzing the relevance of SDGs and the determinants of efficiency in water supply and sanitation. Section 3 presents the methodology, referring to the sample, variables, and econometric model. Section 4 presents the results and discussion. Finally, in Section 5, we draw the main conclusions and implications of our findings, the limitations of the study, and the directions for further research. Literature Review

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“…In the context of global urbanization and economic globalization, the megalopolises of the world have begun merging toward "super-urban agglomerations." These trends clearly indicate that urban agglomerations are becoming an important way to increase regional competitiveness, as well as a novel approach to promote economic development, and coordinate environmentally sustainable socioeconomic development by integrating resources on regional scales [8][9][10]. Therefore, focusing on the effective planning and 2 of 21 management of urban growth in urban agglomerations and understanding the mechanisms that drive urbanization have become increasingly crucial for national sustainable development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Urban Expansion and Socioeconomic Vitality Using NPP-VIIRS Data in Xia-Zhang-Quan, China

2019

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Studying the spatiotemporal evolution of urban expansion in the Xia-Zhang-Quan metropolitan area (XZQ) is of crucial importance, to effectively guide coordinated development and industrial adjustment during urbanization. Based on National Polar Partnership-Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) data this study used an analytical method of irregular spatial grids to explore and evaluate the dynamics of urban spatial expansion and urban socioeconomic vitality in XZQ between 2013 and 2017. The results show that the gulf-type urban development strategy of Xiamen has played a key role in the integration and development of XZQ. The urban area increased by 20–30% and increased intensity of socioeconomic activities was demonstrated by observed increases in the total brightness of urban nighttime light. Due to its unique advantages in the agricultural industries, Zhangzhou made significant economic progress during 2013–2017. At the same time, driven by spatial processes in Xiamen, areas such as the Zhangzhou Port Area and Longhai also achieved significant progress. This is also the case in Quanzhou and thus, collectively there is evidence of multi-polar growth. Jinjiang and Shishi effectively utilized coastal port economy development advantages to play a key role in the integration and development of XZQ. There were both commonalities and differences in terms of the characteristics of spatial expansion in different cities of XZQ. In summary, this study provides evidence to support further promotion of coordinated development in XZQ, and with appropriate caveats these findings could also be transferred to other urban agglomerations.

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Measuring Sustainable Development Goals at a Local Level: A Case of a Metropolitan Area in Romania

Cited by 57 publications

References 23 publications

Potential of Night-Time Lights to Measure Regional Inequality

Potential of Night-Time Lights to Measure Regional Inequality

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Efficiency in the Spanish Clean Water and Sanitation Sector

Exploring Urban Expansion and Socioeconomic Vitality Using NPP-VIIRS Data in Xia-Zhang-Quan, China

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