Measuring Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Use Among Young Adults

Pedersen, Eric R.; Hummer, Justin F.; Rinker, Dipali Venkataraman; Traylor, Zach; Neighbors, Clayton

doi:10.15288/jsad.2016.77.441

Cited by 86 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Marijuana PBS use was assessed using the 39-item version of the PBSM (Pedersen et al, 2016) scale. This measure consists of behaviors individuals report engaging in while using marijuana to reduce marijuana-related problems (e.g., "avoid using marijuana in public places").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a large alcohol PBS field suggests that alcohol PBS use mediates the effects of a wide range of distal antecedents on alcohol-related outcomes, it is unknown whether marijuana PBS use would operate similarly. Based on mediation findings in the alcohol PBS literature (Bravo et al, 2015(Bravo et al, , 2016 and preliminary findings that marijuana PBS use is a protective factor associated with reduced marijuana-related harm (Pedersen et al, 2016), we expected that the associations between distal antecedents (i.e., sex, age at first use, impulsivity-like traits, and marijuana use motives) and marijuana outcomes (i.e., marijuana use frequency and consequences) would be mediated by marijuana PBS use. Generally, we expected that "protective" factors (e.g., female sex, premeditation, and perseverance) that are associated with greater marijuana PBS use would in turn be associated with less frequent marijuana use and fewer related consequences, whereas "risk" factors (e.g., younger age at first use, coping motives) associated with less marijuana PBS use would in turn be associated with greater marijuana use frequency and more related consequences.…”

Section: Purpose Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are several known risk (e.g., earlier age at first use and coping motives) and protective factors (e.g., self-regulation and female sex) of problematic marijuana use, research needs to go beyond examining only distal antecedents 1 and consider more proximal behaviors that may increase or decrease the negative consequences from using marijuana. Within the present study, we focus on marijuana protective behavioral strategies (PBS; Pedersen et al, 2016) as a proximal factor expected to a) relate to both frequency of marijuana use and marijuana-related negative consequences, and b) account for the effects of several known risk/ protective factors of problematic marijuana use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Pedersen and colleagues developed the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana (PBSM) scale to probe marijuana PBS use (Pedersen et al, 2016). Similar to alcohol PBS, marijuana PBS include strategies that are related to limiting marijuana intake by setting consumption limits (e.g., "Having a set amount of times you take a hit of a marijuana joint"), avoiding behaviors that lead to more intoxication than one would like (e.g., "Avoid using marijuana in concentrated form [e.g., hashish, hashish/ honey oil, kief, marijuana butter/oil] to avoid getting too high"), and avoiding serious harm from impaired driving (e.g., "Use a designated driver [i.e., someone who has not used] after using marijuana").…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Can I Use Marijuana Safely? An Examination of Distal Antecedents, Marijuana Protective Behavioral Strategies, and Marijuana Outcomes

Bravo

Prince

Pearson

2017

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Given the high prevalence of marijuana use among college students, it is imperative to determine the factors that may reduce risk of problematic marijuana use and/or the development of cannabis use disorder. We examined marijuana protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as a proximal predictor of marijuana-related outcomes and a mediator of the associations between other known risk/protective factors and marijuana-related outcomes. Method: Using data from a sample of 2,129 past-month marijuana users, collected from 11 universities in the United States, we examined marijuana PBS use as a mediator of the effects of sex, age at first use, impulsivity-like traits, and marijuana use motives on marijuana use frequency and marijuanarelated consequences. Results: Marijuana PBS was identified as a robust negative predictor of marijuana use frequency and marijuana-related consequences. Further, Marijuana PBS use fully or partially mediated the effects of sex, premeditation, perseverance, coping motives, enhancement motives, conformity motives, and expansion motives on marijuana outcomes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that marijuana PBS use is a good candidate to be considered as a mechanism by which marijuana users moderate their marijuana use and attenuate their risk of experiencing marijuana-related consequences. , 2015). In fact, about 30% of college students report past-year prevalence of marijuana use, and nearly 10% meet diagnostic criteria for cannabis use disorder (Caldeira et al., 2008;Johnston et al., 2015). In a recent study across 11 different U.S. universities, Pearson and colleagues (2017) found that between 15.5% and 38.7% (M = 26.2%) of college students report using marijuana in the past month. Further, marijuana-related negative consequences are prevalent with marijuana users experiencing approximately eight distinct negative consequences monthly (Pearson et al., 2017). Although there are several known risk (e.g., earlier age at first use and coping motives) and protective factors (e.g., self-regulation and female sex) of problematic marijuana use, research needs to go beyond examining only distal antecedents 1 and consider more proximal behaviors that may increase or decrease the negative consequences from using marijuana. Within the present study, we focus on marijuana protective behavioral strategies (PBS; Pedersen et al., 2016) as a proximal factor expected to a) relate to both frequency of marijuana use and marijuana-related negative consequences, and b) account for the effects of several known risk/ protective factors of problematic marijuana use.Stemming from a harm reduction focus in the alcohol field, much research has been conducted examining the use of alcohol PBS, defined as "behaviors that are used im-1 We refer to these variables as "distal antecedents" to marijuanarelated outcomes to distinguish them from more "proximal antecedents," which tend to be variables that are less stable, more malleable, and presumed to be more proximal in a causal chain leading to marijuan...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Purpose Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Can I Use Marijuana Safely? An Examination of Distal Antecedents, Marijuana Protective Behavioral Strategies, and Marijuana Outcomes

Bravo

Prince

Pearson

2017

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…Greater funding for education and designated driver campaigns for marijuana users could also reduce impaired driving. Engaging youth in creating and disseminating harm reduction strategies may also improve their impact (29,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent marijuana use and driving risk behaviours in Canadian youth

Leadbeater

Ames

Sukhawathanakul

et al. 2017

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Background: A better understanding of the relations between patterns of marijuana use and driving risks in young adulthood is needed. Methods: Secondary analyses of self-report data from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey. Youth (baseline ages 12 to 18; N=662; 52% females) were interviewed biannually (on six occasions) from 2003 to 2013 and classified as abstainers (i.e., used no marijuana in past 12 months), occasional users (i.e., used at most once per week), and frequent users (i.e., used more than once a week). Results: In the frequent user group, 80% of males and 75% of females reported 'being in a car driven by driver (including themselves) using marijuana or other drugs in the last 30 days', 64% of males and 33% of females reported that they were 'intoxicated' with marijuana while operating a vehicle and 50% of males and 42% of females reported being in a car driven by a driver using alcohol. In addition, 28% of occasional users and also a small proportion of abstainers reported 'being in a car driven by a driver using marijuana or other drugs in the last 30 days' . Interpretation: The high frequency of driving risk behaviours, particularly for frequent users, suggest that plans for legalization of recreational use should anticipate the costs of preventive education efforts that present an accurate picture of potential risks for driving. Youth also need to understand risks for dependence, and screening for and treatment of marijuana use disorders is needed.

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