Measuring anxiety- and locomotion-related behaviours in mice: a new way of using old tests

Fraser, Leanne M.; Brown, Richard E.; Hussin, Ahmed T.; Fontana, Mara; Whittaker, Ashley; O’Leary, Timothy P.; Lederle, Lauren; Holmes, Andrew; Ramos, André

doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1873-0

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Using a triple-test apparatus that allows quasi-simultaneous testing in the elevated plus maze, open field test, and lightdark box, others have estimated that the overlap in anxietyrelated measures between the elevated plus maze and the open field is as low as 15% (Fraser et al, 2010). Thus, even though both paradigms assess conflict/avoidance behavior, they are not interchangeable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal vs Genetic Programming of Serotonin States Associated with Anxiety

Altieri

Yang

O'Brien

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Large numbers of women undergo antidepressant treatment during pregnancy; however, long-term consequences for their offspring remain largely unknown. Rodents exposed to serotonin transporter (SERT)-inhibiting antidepressants during development show changes in adult emotion-like behavior. These changes have been equated with behavioral alterations arising from genetic reductions in SERT. Both models are highly relevant to humans yet they vary in their time frames of SERT disruption. We find that anxiety-related behavior and, importantly, underlying serotonin neurotransmission diverge between the two models. In mice, constitutive loss of SERT causes life-long increases in anxiety-related behavior and hyperserotonemia. Conversely, early exposure to the antidepressant escitalopram (ESC; Lexapro) results in decreased anxiety-related behavior beginning in adolescence, which is associated with adult serotonin system hypofunction in the ventral hippocampus. Adult behavioral changes resulting from early fluoxetine (Prozac) exposure were different from those of ESC and, although somewhat similar to SERT deficiency, were not associated with changes in hippocampal serotonin transmission in late adulthood. These findings reveal dissimilarities in adult behavior and neurotransmission arising from developmental exposure to different widely prescribed antidepressants that are not recapitulated by genetic SERT insufficiency. Moreover, they support a pivotal role for serotonergic modulation of anxiety-related behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal vs Genetic Programming of Serotonin States Associated with Anxiety

Altieri

Yang

O'Brien

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…These differences were in agreement with the known profile of each strain when tested on each of the tests separately (Crawley et al, 1997; see also the Mouse Phenome Database, http:// phenome.jax.org). Fraser et al (2010) also showed that male and female outbred CD-1 mice were sensitive to the anxiolytic effects of diazepam (DZP) and alprazolam (APZ) in the EPM, but not in the OF or LDB compartments of the triple test. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a purported anxiogenic, had no effect on the anxiety-related behaviours of CD-1 mice in the triple test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Using a mouse version of the triple test, Fraser et al (2010) found behavioural differences in activity and anxiety-related behaviours between three inbred mouse strains; BALB/cJ (BALB), DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/6J (B6). These differences were in agreement with the known profile of each strain when tested on each of the tests separately (Crawley et al, 1997; see also the Mouse Phenome Database, http:// phenome.jax.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chlordiazepoxide on measures of activity and anxiety in Swiss-Webster mice in the triple test

et al. 2012

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“…Patience: The timing of lever extension can be controlled such that the animal has to wait for the lever after arriving at the spot where the lever will extend (Figure 5A-d). By varying the length of waiting, the extent of an animal's patience can be tested and quantified 13 .…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

Zheng

Ycu

2012

JoVE

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We have developed a fully automated system for operant behavior testing and neuronal activity recording by which multiple cognitive brain functions can be investigated in a single task sequence. The unique feature of this system is a custom-made, acoustically transparent chamber that eliminates many of the issues associated with auditory cue control in most commercially available chambers. The ease with which operant devices can be added or replaced makes this system quite versatile, allowing for the implementation of a variety of auditory, visual, and olfactory behavioral tasks. Automation of the system allows fine temporal (10 ms) control and precise time-stamping of each event in a predesigned behavioral sequence. When combined with a multi-channel electrophysiology recording system, multiple cognitive brain functions, such as motivation, attention, decision-making, patience, and rewards, can be examined sequentially or independently. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/3685/ Protocol System OverviewThe system comprises three main components: (1) a double-walled sound proof room (Industrial Acoustical Company, Bronx, New York); (2) a multiple channel electrophysiological recording system (Neuralynx, Bozeman, MT); and (3) a fully automated, customized behavioral testing system from the Med Associates Inc. (St. Albans, VT). Figure 1A, the operant chamber is located inside the sound-proof room. A commutator (Model SL-36, Dragonfly Research and Development, Inc., Ridgeley, West Virginia) for connecting cables from headstage to the electrophysiological recording system (Figure1A-a), and a video camera for monitoring and recording animal behaviors are mounted above the operant chamber (Figure1A-b). As shown in Custom-Designed Operant ChamberThe custom-designed, acoustically transparent operant chamber (Figure1A-d) consists of three acoustically transparent walls and one modularoperation panel ( Figure 1B). Three speakers (Cage Tweeter, ENV_224BM, Med Associates) mounted on the top of the middle and two side panels are used for emitting auditory cues. Auditory cues are generated by a calibrated, programmable audio generator (ANL-926). A stimulus light (ENV_221M) and two triple-stimulus LED displays (ENV_222M) are located on the middle and side panels, respectively. These stimulus lights can be used for auditory-visual multi-sensory behavioral tests. A nose poke device with three color LED lights (ENV_114M) is mounted at the bottom of the middle panel. An infrared detector installed within the nose poke unit is used to signal nose poking and holding period. The LED lights within the nose poke unit can be used for training nose-hold inside the hole. A movable response lever (ENV_112CM) is mounted on each side of the operant panel. The mobility of these levers allows flexible control of the presence of the levers, which can be effectively used for both initial task training and the study of several important cognitive functions of the brain (see below). Four ...

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Measuring anxiety- and locomotion-related behaviours in mice: a new way of using old tests

Abstract: These findings suggest that the triple test is sensitive to genetic/pharmacological influences on anxiety and locomotion and that, by providing quasi-simultaneous measures from three different apparatuses, it may represent an alternative to the use of test batteries.

Cited by 74 publications

References 59 publications

Perinatal vs Genetic Programming of Serotonin States Associated with Anxiety

Perinatal vs Genetic Programming of Serotonin States Associated with Anxiety

The effect of chlordiazepoxide on measures of activity and anxiety in Swiss-Webster mice in the triple test

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

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