Measurements of Laminar Flame Velocity for Components of Natural Gas

Dirrenberger, Patricia; Gall, Hervé Le; Bounaceur, Roda; Herbinet, Olivier; Glaude, Pierre‐Alexandre; Konnov, Alexander A.; Battin‐Leclerc, Frédérique

doi:10.1021/ef200707h

Cited by 185 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Uncertainties in equivalence ratio for the heat flux burner are typically range from 0.01 to 0.04 which increases as φ increases [30]. Note that for other gaseous or liquid fuels, such methane [33], ethanol [43] or n-heptane [34], there is a notably better agreement between the measurements made using heat flux method than in the present case. In comparison to the current mechanism, AramcoMech 1.3 under-predicts the flame speed of the new experimental data across the range of equivalence ratios.…”

Section: Laminar Flame Speed Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

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An experimental and modeling study of propene oxidation. Part 2: Ignition delay time and flame speed measurements

Burke

Donagh

et al. 2015

Combustion and Flame

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275

208

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Experimental data obtained in this study (Part II) complement the speciation data presented in Part I, but also offer a basis for extensive facility cross-comparisons for both experimental ignition delay time (IDT) and laminar flame speed (LFS) observables.To improve understanding of the ignition characteristics of propene, a series IDT experiments were performed in six different shock tubes and two rapid compression machines (RCMs) under conditions not previously studied. This study is the first of its kind to directly compare ignition in several different shock tubes over a wide range of conditions. For common nominal reaction conditions among these facilities, cross-comparison of shock tube IDTs suggests 20-30% reproducibility (2σ) for the IDT observable. The combination of shock tube and RCM data greatly expands the data available for validation of propene oxidation models to higher pressures (2-40 atm) and lower temperatures (750-1750 K).Propene flames were studied at pressures from 1-20 atm and unburned gas temperatures of 295-398 K for a range of equivalence ratios and dilutions in different facilities. The present propene-air LFS results at 1 atm were also compared to LFS measurements from the literature. With respect to initial reaction conditions, the present experimental LFS cross-comparison is not as comprehensive as the IDT comparison; however, it still suggests reproducibility limits for the LFS observable. For the LFS results, there was agreement between certain data sets and for certain equivalence ratios (mostly in the lean region), but the remaining discrepancies highlight the need to reduce uncertainties in laminar flame speed experiments amongst different groups and different methods. Moreover, this is the first study to investigate the burning rate characteristics of propene at elevated pressures (> 5 atm).IDT and LFS measurements are compared to predictions of the chemical kinetic mechanism presented in Part I and good agreement is observed.

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Section: Laminar Flame Speed Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The apparatus has been modified to the study of gaseous and liquid fuels and allow an increase of the fresh gas temperature up to 398 K. The experimental device has been described previously [33,34]. The principle is similar to that used at VUB described above (Section 2.10.2).…”

Section: Lrpg Flamesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and modeling study of propene oxidation. Part 2: Ignition delay time and flame speed measurements

Burke

Donagh

et al. 2015

Combustion and Flame

Self Cite

275

208

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show abstract

“…However, Fig. 18 shows the large uncertainty in 80% methane/20% hydrogen laminar flame speeds at 1 atm and 298 K reported in the literature [15,[62][63][64]. Aram- Comparisons of model predictions compared to experimental data taken by…”

Section: Mechanism Validationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds, and mechanism validation for natural gas/hydrogen blends at elevated pressures

Donohoe

Heufer

Metcalfe

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

126

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“…Battin-Leclerc et al 2006;Bounaceur et al 2007;Anderlohr et al 2010;Bounaceur et al 2010;Wang et al 2010). Obviously, it is not possible to describe all these validations in detail, but we can mention, for instance, the very recent work of Dirrenberger et al (2011) who has studied the laminar burning velocity of several mixtures including air, hydrogen, and components of natural gas experimentally and modeled it with success. Laminar burning velocities are important parameters in many areas of combustion science, such as the design of burners and the prediction of explosions.…”

Section: -C 2 Reaction Basementioning

confidence: 99%

A chemical model for the atmosphere of hot Jupiters

Venot

Hébrard

Agúndez

et al. 2012

A&A

220

546

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Context. The atmosphere of hot Jupiters can be probed by primary transit and secondary eclipse spectroscopy. Owing to the intense UV irradiation, mixing, and circulation, their chemical composition is maintained out of equilibrium and must be modeled with kinetic models. Aims. Our purpose is to release a chemical network and the associated rate coefficients, developed for the temperature and pressure range relevant to hot Jupiters atmospheres. Using this network, we study the vertical atmospheric composition of the two hot Jupiters (HD 209458b and HD 189733b) with a model that includes photolyses and vertical mixing, and we produce synthetic spectra. Methods. The chemical scheme has been derived from applied combustion models that were methodically validated over a range of temperatures and pressures typical of the atmospheric layers influencing the observations of hot Jupiters. We compared the predictions obtained from this scheme with equilibrium calculations, with different schemes available in the literature that contain N-bearing species, and with previously published photochemical models. Results. Compared to other chemical schemes that were not subjected to the same systematic validation, we find significant differences whenever nonequilibrium processes take place (photodissociations or vertical mixing). The deviations from the equilibrium, hence the sensitivity to the network, are larger for HD 189733b, since we assume a cooler atmosphere than for HD 209458b. We found that the abundances of NH 3 and HCN can vary by two orders of magnitude depending on the network, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive experimental validation. A spectral feature of NH 3 at 10.5 μm is sensitive to these abundance variations and thus to the chemical scheme.Conclusions. Due to the influence of the kinetics, we recommend using a validated scheme to model the chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres. The network we release is robust for temperatures within 300-2500 K and pressures from 10 mbar up to a few hundred bars, for species made of C, H, O, and N. It is validated for species up to 2 carbon atoms and for the main nitrogen species (NH 3 , HCN, N 2 , NO x ). Although the influence of the kinetic scheme on the hot Jupiters spectra remains within the current observational error bars (with the exception of NH 3 ), it will become more important for atmospheres that are cooler or subjected to higher UV fluxes, because they depart more from equilibrium.

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Measurements of Laminar Flame Velocity for Components of Natural Gas

Cited by 185 publications

References 39 publications

An experimental and modeling study of propene oxidation. Part 2: Ignition delay time and flame speed measurements

An experimental and modeling study of propene oxidation. Part 2: Ignition delay time and flame speed measurements

Ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds, and mechanism validation for natural gas/hydrogen blends at elevated pressures

A chemical model for the atmosphere of hot Jupiters

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