Measurement‐specific bioavailable testosterone using concanavalin A precipitation: Comparison of calculated and assayed bioavailable testosterone

Yamamoto, Kenrou; Koh, Eitetsu; Matsui, Futoshi; Sugimoto, Kazuhiro; Sin, Ho-Su; Maeda, Yuji; Namiki, Mikio

doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02379.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…There is general agreement that approximately 44% of the circulating testosterone is strongly bound to SHBG, 54% is loosely bound to albumin and 2% is present as free hormone . The mean values of serum SHBG according to age by decade in the current study were very high compared with those determined in participants in a cross‐sectional study of 400 independently‐living European and American men aged between 40 and 80 years …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Comparison of testosterone fractions between Framingham Heart Study participants and Japanese participants

et al. 2014

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Abbreviations & Acronyms aFT = analog-based free testosterone AMS = Aging Questionnaire ASA = American Society of Andrology cFT = calculated free testosterone CI = confidence interval CV = coefficient of variation Objectives: To determine testosterone fractions in Japanese men and to compare these values with those of Framingham Heart Study participants. Methods: We enrolled 498 healthy Japanese men. Total testosterone was assayed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, sex hormone-binding globulin was assayed by immunoassay and free testosterone was calculated by a laboratory at the Boston Medical Center. Analog-based free testosterone and immunoassay-based total testosterone were determined by immunoassay. We compared mass spectrometry assay-based total testosterone and calculated free testosterone values in the Japanese participants with values in the American Framingham Heart Study third generation cohort. Results: The mean serum mass spectrometry assay-based total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and calculated free testosterone values were 439.4 ± 167 ng/dL, 65.34 ± 30.61 nmol/L, and 58.75 ± 20.0 pg/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficients with age for mass spectrometry assay-based total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and calculated free testosterone were 0.0010, 0.5041, and −0.496, respectively. There were no age-related changes in mass spectrometry assay-based total testosterone values in healthy men (P = 0.981), whereas sex hormone-binding globulin and calculated free testosterone levels showed similar age-related changes (P < 0.0001). Serum analog-based free testosterone levels (8.24 ± 2.9 pg/mL) showed age-related changes (P < 0.0001) regardless of immunoassay-based total testosterone levels (P = 0.828). Serum immunoassay-based total testosterone values (486.1 ± 162.5 ng/dL) correlated with serum mass spectrometry assay-based total testosterone values (r = 0.740, 95% confidence interval 0.6965-0.7781, P < 0.0001). Similarly, analog-based free testosterone and calculated free testosterone values showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.706, 95% confidence interval 0.6587-0.7473, P < 0.0001). The analog-based free testosterone values were approximately 10% of the calculated free testosterone values. Conclusions: In contrast to the Framingham Heart Study cohort, total testosterone values in Japanese men are not associated with advancing age; thus, they cannot be used to diagnose late-onset hypogonadism in Japan. The analog-based free testosterone value can be considered instead as a suitable biochemical determinant for diagnosing late-onset hypogonadism syndrome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Comparison of testosterone fractions between Framingham Heart Study participants and Japanese participants

et al. 2014

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“…Measurement of bioavailable T and F: SHBG was aggregated by adding 5% concanabalin A (50 µL) to serum (0.1 mL), and then removed by centrifugation [25]. After free and albumin-binding, T and F in the supernatant fraction were extracted with ethyl acetate.…”

Section: Quantification Of Bioavailable T and F In Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Assay for Simultaneous Measurement of Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol in Healthy Men for Utilization in the Diagnosis of Late-onset Hypogonadism in Males

et al. 2009

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Abstract. it is well known that late-onset hypogonadism in males can cause a variety of symptoms, and the differential diagnosis is relatively difficult, including psychological disorders, stress, and mood disturbances. The level of serum cortisol can be measured to reflect a patient's level of stress. Salivary hormones facilitate the evaluation of physiological hormonal actions based on free hormone assay. For the simultaneous measurement of testosterone and cortisol levels in saliva, we validate a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Concerning accuracy and precision, the lower limit of quantification of salivary testosterone and cortisol were established as 5 and 10 pg/mL, respectively. Testosterone and cortisol in saliva is stable for 2 days, 14 days, and 28 days at room temperature, refrigeration and frozen, respectively. Freezing and thawing for 3 cycles and stimulation of salivation with gum chewing do not alter the measured values of testosterone and cortisol. Total, bioavailable, and free serum testosterone showed slight diurnal changes, but total and bioavailable serum cortisol showed marked diurnal changes. Salivary testosterone levels negatively correlate with age, regardless of the time of saliva collection (r=0.64, p<0.05). However, there is no relationship between salivary cortisol and age (r=0033, p>0.05). LC-MS/MS allows rapid, simultaneous, sensitive, and accurate quantification of testosterone and cortisol in saliva for the diagnosis late-onset hypogonadism or other hormone related disease. 2]. The differences may be associated with molecular structure variations in water solubility, differences in binding affinity to sex hormone-binding globulin (shBg) in serum, or the serum free hormone ratio [3]. However, the mechanism by which hormones are secreted in saliva via blood remains to be clarified. Autoradiograms showed free T was secreted in saliva without binding to SHBG [4]. Recent studies reported t and F in saliva were useful for evaluating bioavailability and accurately reflected serum hormone activity [1,3,[5][6][7][8]. Some studies indicated the measurement of salivary hormone levels facilitated the evaluation of precise physiologic actions based on free hormone activity, which could not be confirmed based on total blood hormone levels [1,3,6,9]. therefore, salivary hormone measurements have re-

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“…Therefore, primary gonadal failure and hypothalamic-pituitary suppression are present in individuals who have alcoholic liver disease. 7,8 Hepatic steatosis is characterized by hepatic fat buildup and is regarded the precursor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As NAFLD continues, liver inflammation and damage can eventually result in cirrhosis, liver failure, and frequently hepatocellular cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Serum Testosterone Level and Its Relationship with Hypogonadism in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Zafar¹,

Tahir²,

Bakhtawar³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Objective: Loss of libido, low serum testosterone levels, and other symptoms of hypogonadism like subfertility, gynecomastia, and immature testes, is a prevalent medical condition amongst males with advanced chronic liver disease. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the low serum testosterone levels association with hypogonadism in people with chronic liver disease. Study Duration: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department (OPD) of Medicine Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Material and Methods: The retrospective study was completed on two hundred confirmed patients of hypogonadism with liver cirrhosis. In the repository, the available data was divided into two groups. The first group of chronic liver disease patients was diagnosed due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and second patient group due to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The patient in NAFLD group were in the age group between 15-30 years whereas the patients from ALD group were 30-60 years of age. The diagnostic values of total testosterone and Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were collected from patient’s record. The independent t test was used for statistical analysis by using SPSS version 22. The frequency distribution of testosterone was also calculated between two types of chronic liver disease patients. Results: The retrospective research was performed. The data were dispersed across two age groups. The youth had no alcohol-related data, while the elderly had. According to hospital data, distribution was based on age between 15 and 30 years (NAFLD) and between 30 and 60 years (ALD). When T-test was applied it showed that there was no statistically significant difference found in means of SHBG between two age groups amongst chronic liver disease patients. In the case of serum testosterone, there was a statistically significant (p 0.05) difference between age groups (Table 1). Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the frequency distribution of total testosterone and its comparison within the liver cirrhosis group, respectively. Practical Implication: Our study predicted that low testosterone can raise the risk of mortality, the necessity for liver transplantation, and the likelihood of severe infection in men with cirrhosis given the mechanisms of action of testosterone. Conclusion: On the basis of two groups of liver cirrhosis, there is a significant age-related change in total serum testosterone, its control by the pituitary and it’s binding to SHBG in males over the age of forty. However, no substantial data was discovered in sex hormone binding globulin. Low testosterone levels are associated with hypogonadism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The effect of testosterone replacement treatment on increasing muscle quality in male cirrhotic patients remains to be determined. Safety and effectiveness of the treatment requires additional prospective research. Keywords: Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, Serum Testosterone, Hypogonadism, Chronic Liver Disease

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Measurement‐specific bioavailable testosterone using concanavalin A precipitation: Comparison of calculated and assayed bioavailable testosterone

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Comparison of testosterone fractions between Framingham Heart Study participants and Japanese participants

Comparison of testosterone fractions between Framingham Heart Study participants and Japanese participants

Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Assay for Simultaneous Measurement of Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol in Healthy Men for Utilization in the Diagnosis of Late-onset Hypogonadism in Males

Low Serum Testosterone Level and Its Relationship with Hypogonadism in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

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