a b s t r a c tObjective: The aim of this study was to develop a frailty scale for the elderly in China and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods: The method of convenient sampling was used to select 375 elderly individuals in different communities of Tianjin, China. EuroQol-5D was used to evaluate the criterion validity. Cronbach's a coefficients, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. To evaluate the testeretest reliability, 30 old people were re-evaluated after 2 weeks. Results: The final version of the frailty scale (FI-35) consisted of 35 items. Eleven factors were extracted by a principal factor analysis and varimax rotation, with a cumulative contribution of 86.00%. Eleven dimensions were positively correlated (r ¼ 0.130e0.541, P < 0.01). Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.952, and the alpha coefficients of 11 dimensions ranged from 0.730 to 0.992. The testeretest reliability was 0.874 for the total scale. The split-half reliability of the scale was 0.808. Structural equation modeling was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis, and various parameters were all acceptable. Conclusions: FI-35 met the requirement of scale development and showed good reliability and validity; thus, it can be used as an efficient frailty measurement tool for Chinese elderly.