Measurement properties of depression questionnaires in patients with diabetes: a systematic review

Abstract

PurposeTo conduct a systematic review on measurement properties of questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms in adult patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MethodsA systematic review of the literature in MEDLINE, EMbase and PsycINFO was performed. Full text, original articles, published in any language up to October 2016 were included. Eligibility for inclusion was independently assessed by three reviewers who worked in pairs. Methodological quality of the studies was evaluated by two independent reviewers using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Quality of the questionnaires was rated per measurement property, based on the number and quality of the included studies and the reported results.ResultsOf 6286 unique hits, 21 studies met our criteria evaluating nine different questionnaires in multiple settings and languages. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable for the different measurement properties: 9/15 studies scored ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ on internal consistency, 2/5 on reliability, 0/1 on content validity, 10/10 on structural validity, 8/11 on hypothesis testing, 1/5 on cross-cultural validity, and 4/9 on criterion validity. For the CES-D, there was strong evidence for good internal consistency, structural validity, and construct validity; moderate evidence for good criterion validity; and limited evidence for good cross-cultural validity. The PHQ-9 and WHO-5 also performed well on several measurement properties. However, the evidence for structural validity of the PHQ-9 was inconclusive. The WHO-5 was less extensively researched and originally not developed to measure depression.ConclusionCurrently, the CES-D is best supported for measuring depressive symptoms in diabetes patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-018-1782-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Depression in people with type 2 diabetes: current perspectives

“… 66 The properties of various screening instruments and their validities in T2DM remain an ongoing area of study. 67 Differential item functioning is one analysis that can be used to determine whether the questions on each are non-invariant with respect to T2DM and/or T2DM characteristics to ensure that they accurately measure depressive symptoms rather than symptoms of T2DM. 68 , 69 Self-report screening questionnaires used in T2DM include the following: the CES-D, 46 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 70 World Health Organization (WHO) Well-Being Index, 71 PHQ, 72 and Edinburg Depression Scale (EDS), among others.…”

“…68 , 69 Self-report screening questionnaires used in T2DM include the following: the CES-D, 46 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 70 World Health Organization (WHO) Well-Being Index, 71 PHQ, 72 and Edinburg Depression Scale (EDS), among others. 67 The self-report scales used most commonly in T2DM, and studies assessing their validity, have been reviewed recently. 67 …”

“… 67 The self-report scales used most commonly in T2DM, and studies assessing their validity, have been reviewed recently. 67 …”

Depressive symptoms in asymptomatic stage B heart failure with Type II diabetic mellitus

“…While we did not have the ability to fully characterize the presence of metabolic syndrome, given the relatively high percentage of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in this cohort, it is likely that a large percentage of the patients had metabolic syndrome. 28 In T2DM, the comorbidity of depressive symptoms and of major depression is associated with poorer clinical management and poorer outcomes than either alone 29 ; the same pattern is found for coincident depression and HF. 7 We found that T2DM patients specifically had more somatic/affective depressive symptoms but not cognitive Mechanistically, we found that sST2, IL-6, BNP, and poor sleep quality were independent predictors of somatic/affective depression while BMI, type of cardiac dysfunction, and medications were not.…”

The “A to Z” of Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Culturally Diverse Populations

“…Unfortunately, patients' depression is not frequently identified in routine clinical care ( 47 , 48 ). Multiple instruments have been developed to identify depression in research and in clinical practice ( 49 ).…”