The effects of growth interruption on the quality of GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb heterostructures grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy are reported. In-situ reflectance monitoring and ex-situ characterization by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, 4K photoluminescence (PL), and time-resolved PL indicate that GaInAsSb is extremely sensitive to growth interruption time as well as the ambient atmosphere during interruption. By optimizing the interruption sequence, surface recombination velocity as low as 20 cm/s was achieved for GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb double heterostructures.
IntroductionThe performance of minority carrier devices such as light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and heterojunction bipolar transistors is sensitive to non-radiative recombination at heterointerfaces, and numerous studies aimed at minimizing surface recombination velocity have been reported for heterostructures comprised of GaAs-and InP-based III-V alloys [1]. More recently, III-V materials based on GaSb are being developed for optoelectronic devices operating in the midinfrared wavelength range [2]. For example, GaInAsSb/GaSb and GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb heterostructures are of particular interest since these alloys show great potential for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices used to generate power from a thermal source [3]. It was reported that both GaSb and AlGaAsSb window layers are effective in reducing GaInAsSb surface recombination [4,5]. Either of these layers was shown to improve the external quantum efficiency and open-circuit voltage V oc of GaInAsSb TPV cells, which were grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). Furthermore, device performance of TPV structures with an AlGaAsSb window is anticipated to be better compared to that with a GaSb window. GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb/GaSb TPV cells exhibit peak internal quantum efficiency and fill factor values exceeding 94% and 70%, respectively [7,8]. These values, which are approaching theoretical limits, are achieved for structures grown with either type of window layer. The highest reported value of V oc , however, is 0.33 V and was measured for devices with an AlGaAsSb window [7]. Since this value is only about 85% of the theoretical limit, further increases in V oc should be possible. In principle, if the interface between GaInAsSb and AlGaAsSb can be improved to lower surface recombination velocity, then V oc should increase, and thus improve overall TPV cell performance.The quality of heterointerfaces in Sb-containing alloys is extremely sensitive to growth sequences, and interruptions during OMVPE growth were reported to alter the interface chemistry, degrade the interface structure, and affect device performance [9][10][11][12][13]. This paper reports the effects of interruption on the quality of GaInAsSb/(Al)Ga(As)Sb doubleheterostructures (DHs) grown by OMVPE, and the achievement of extremely low surface recombination velocity in GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb DHs. Both the interruption time and ambient atmosphere significantly impact the stability of the GaInAsSb surface. Surface recombination...