Measurement of Radio Frequency Permittivity of Biological Tissues with an Open-Ended Coaxial Line: Part II - Experimental Results

Stuchly, M.A.; Athey, T. Whit; Samaras, George M.; Taylor, Gail

doi:10.1109/tmtt.1982.1131022

Cited by 199 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For the short-circuit termination, Γ 1 = −1, and Eq. (12) immediately leads to A 3 = ρ 1 . For the open-circuit (ε r = 1, σ dc = 0) and standard liquid terminations, Eq.…”

Section: Alternative Calibration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Permittivity Measurements of Biological Samples by an Open-Ended Coaxial Line

Bobowski¹,

Johnson²

2012

PIER B

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Abstract-We previously reported on the complex permittivity and dc conductivity of waste-activated sludge. The measurements, spanning a frequency range of 3 MHz to 40 GHz, were made using an open-ended coaxial transmission line. Although this technique is well established in the literature, we found that it was necessary to combine methods from several papers to use the open-ended coaxial probe to reliably characterize biological samples having a high dc conductivity. Here, we provide a set of detailed and practical guidelines that can be used to determine the permittivity and conductivity of biological samples over a broad frequency range. Due to the electrode polarization effect, low frequency measurements of conducting samples require corrections to extract the intrinsic electrical properties. We describe one practical correction scheme and verify its reliability using a control sample.

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“…For the short-circuit termination, Γ 1 = −1, and Eq. (12) immediately leads to A 3 = ρ 1 . For the open-circuit (ε r = 1, σ dc = 0) and standard liquid terminations, Eq.…”

Section: Alternative Calibration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Permittivity Measurements of Biological Samples by an Open-Ended Coaxial Line

Bobowski¹,

Johnson²

2012

PIER B

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“…The measurement system used to characterize the relative permittivity is based on the open-ended coaxial probe method [29], [30]. It consists of a vector network analyzer (VNA, N9918A FieldFox Handheld Microwave Analyzer, frequency range: 30 kHz -26.5 GHz), a 1 m long coaxial cable, a coaxial probe (Keysight 85070E slim form probe, working frequency: 500 MHz -50 GHz), and a computer that managed VNA and processed the data.…”

Section: A Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailor-Made Tissue Phantoms Based on Acetonitrile Solutions for Microwave Applications up to 18 GHz

Castelló-Palacios

Garcia-Pardo

Fornés-Leal

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Abstract-Tissue-equivalent phantoms play a key role in the development of new wireless communications devices, which are tested on such phantoms prior to their commercialization. However, existing phantoms cover a small number of tissues and do not reproduce them accurately within wide frequency bands. This paper aims at enlarging the number of mimicked tissues as well as their working frequency band. Thus, a variety of potential compounds are scanned according to their relative permittivity from 0.5 to 18 GHz. Next, a combination of these compounds is characterized so the relation between their dielectric properties and composition is provided. Finally, taking advantage of the previous analysis, tailor-made phantoms are developed for different human tissues up to 18 GHz and particularized for the main current Body Area Network (BAN) operating bands. The tailor-made phantoms presented here exhibit such a high accuracy that would allow researchers and manufacturers to test microwave devices at high frequencies for large bandwidths as well as the use of heterogeneous phantoms in the near future. The key of these phantoms lies in the incorporation of acetonitrile to aqueous solutions. Such compound has a suitable behavior to achieve the relative permittivity values of body tissues within the studied frequency band.

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“…6. Dielectric measurement from the viewpoint of electromagnetic field theory and wave propagation on the interface between the coaxial probe and the MUT (Stuchly et al, 1982). This method is based on the fact that the reflection coefficient of an openended coaxial line depends on the dielectric parameters of the MUT that is attached to it.…”

Section: Relation Between Reflection and Permittivitymentioning

confidence: 99%