“…The Zscores of free IGF-I, total IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 were calculated by using age-matched normal values [4, 5, our unpublished data]. In 18 young adults with IDDM (age 18.0-30.3 years, 5 males and 13 females), IGFBP-1 was also measured, as previously described [6]. In all subjects, four parameters of diabetic control were measured with commercially available kits: blood glucose (BS) (momentary parameter of diabetic control), 1,5-anhydro-Dglucitol (1,5 AG) (Ultrashort-term; the preceding 1 to a few days), fructosamine (short term; the preceding 1 to 2 weeks), and HbA1(long-term; the preceding 6 to 8 weeks).…”