Measurement of contaminant removal from skin using a portable fluorescence scanning system

Hession, H.; Byrne, Mary; Cleary, Siobhán; Andersson, Kasper Grann; Roed, Jørn

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.07.008

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previous findings indicate that increasing surface texture roughness results in lower amounts of particle resuspension, for example, Wu et al (1992), Braun et al (2002), Hession et al (2006) and Andersson et al (2004), and this appears to contradict the findings in the present work. However, the apparent discrepancy can be explained by considering the relative significance of macroscopic and microscopic features of the fabric.…”

Section: Resuspension With Varied Contaminated Clothing Materials Typecontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…The removal of particles from human skin has been investigated; Hession et al (2006) studied the effect of human body hair on particle fall-off and concluded that hairy skin retained particles for longer periods. To supplement the existing knowledge base, the aim of the present study is to quantify the level of resuspension of hazardous particles directly from clothing surfaces worn by a physically active human, who is engaging in various levels of typical daily physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of human physical activity and contaminated clothing type on particle resuspension

McDonagh

Byrne

2014

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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A study was conducted to experimentally quantify the influence of three variables on the level of resuspension of hazardous aerosol particles from clothing. Variables investigated include physical activity level (two levels, low and high), surface type (four different clothing material types), and time i.e. the rate at which particles resuspend. A mixture of three monodisperse tracer-labelled powders, with median diameters of 3, 5, and 10 microns, was used to "contaminate" the samples, and the resuspended particles were analysed in real-time using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS), and also by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA).The overall finding was that physical activity resulted in up to 67 % of the contamination deposited on clothing being resuspended back into the air. A detailed examination of the influence of physical activity level on resuspension, from NAA, revealed that the average resuspended fraction (RF) of particles at low physical activity was 28 ± 8 %, and at high physical activity was 30 ±7 %, while the APS data revealed a tenfold increase in the cumulative mass of airborne particles during high physical activity in comparison to that during low physical activity. The results also suggest that it is not the contaminated clothing's fibre type which influences particle resuspension, but the material's weave pattern (and hence the material's surface texture). Investigation of the time variation in resuspended particle concentrations indicated that the data were separable into two distinct regimes: the first (occurring within the first 1.5 minutes) having a high, positive rate of change of airborne particle concentration relative to the second regime. The second regime revealed a slower rate of change of particle concentration and remained relatively unchanged for the remainder of each resuspension event.

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Section: Resuspension With Varied Contaminated Clothing Materials Typecontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of human physical activity and contaminated clothing type on particle resuspension

McDonagh

Byrne

2014

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…The natural removal rate of sub-micron particles from human skin was reported to be 14.7 h [10]. In the analyses, we used 15 h for particulate radionuclides as well as for elemental radioiodine.…”

Section: Natural Removal Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is still in a developmental stage and has several sources of uncertainty. First, the natural removal rate (half-life time) was chosen as 15 hours based on one report [10]. However, it is not certain whether radioactive particles or elemental iodine behave like submicron silica particles.…”

Section: Icrs-13 and Rpsd-2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of thyroid equivalent doses during evacuation based on body surface contamination levels in the nuclear accident of FDNPS in 2011

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To reduce uncertainty in thyroid dose estimation, residents' radiation protection behavior should be reflected in the estimation. Screening data of body surface contamination provide information on exposure levels during evacuation. Our purpose is to estimate thyroid equivalent doses based on body surface contamination levels using a new methodology. We obtained a record of 7,539 residents/evacuees. Geiger-Mueller survey meter measurement value in cpm was translated into Bq/cm 2 according to the nuclides densities obtained by measuring clothing from two persons by germanium J-spectrometer. The measurement value of body surface contamination on head was adjusted by a natural removal rate of 15 hours and radionuclides' physical half-life. Thyroid equivalent dose of 1-year-old children by inhalation was estimated by two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation. The proportions of evacuees/residents with measurement value in cpm of Namie and Minamisoma groups were higher than those of other groups during both periods (p<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis). During 12-14 March period, 50 and 95 percentiles of thyroid equivalent doses by inhalation were estimated as 2.7 and 86.0 mSv, respectively, for Namie group, and 4.2 and 17.2 mSv, respectively, for Minamisoma group, 0.1 and 1.0 mSv, respectively, for Tomioka/Okuma/Futaba/Naraha group, and 0.2 and 2.1 mSv, respectively, for the other group. During 15-17 March period, 50 and 95 percentiles of thyroid equivalent doses by inhalation were 0.8 and 15.7 mSv, respectively, for Namie group, and 1.6 and 8.4 mSv, respectively, for Minamisoma group, 0.2 and 13.2 mSv, respectively, for Tomioka/Okuma/Futaba/Naraha group, and 1.2 and 12.7 mSv, respectively, for the other group. It was indicated that inhalation dose was generally higher in Namie and Minamisoma groups during 12-14 March than those during 15-17 March might reflect different self-protective behavior to radioactive plumes from other groups.

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“…It should be noted that both deposition velocities and clearance half-lives are strongly dependent on particle size. For instance, without forced removal (i.e., thorough washing and scrubbing), particles in the 10 mm range typically have a clearance half-life on human skin of some 3 h, whereas the slightly submicroneous condensation particles that could also be produced by a 'dirty bomb' would tend to lodge in such cavities as hair follicles, where they may remain until the shedding of the stratum corneum after a few weeks (Hession et al, 2006). Even particles as large as several microns are not easily removed from the skin surface by force (Andersson et al, 2004).…”

Section: External and Internal Dose From Contamination Deposited On Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements for estimation of doses from contaminants dispersed by a ‘dirty bomb’ explosion in an urban area

Andersson

Mikkelsen

Astrup

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Measurement of contaminant removal from skin using a portable fluorescence scanning system

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

The influence of human physical activity and contaminated clothing type on particle resuspension

The influence of human physical activity and contaminated clothing type on particle resuspension

Estimation of thyroid equivalent doses during evacuation based on body surface contamination levels in the nuclear accident of FDNPS in 2011

Requirements for estimation of doses from contaminants dispersed by a ‘dirty bomb’ explosion in an urban area

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