Measurement and fitting techniques for the assessment of material nonlinearity using nonlinear Rayleigh waves

Torello, David; Kim, Jin‐Yeon; Qu, Jianmin; Jacobs, Laurence J.

doi:10.1063/1.4914603

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The ultrasonic Rayleigh wave produces the second harmonic in response to these nonlinearities and the amplitude of this generated second harmonic describes the nonlinearity in the material. [2][3][4][5][6] The research being carried out in the structural health monitoring of rails for detecting macroscopic damages 7 need to be extended for measuring these nonlinearities too, especially in the case of high-speed trains. When it comes to fatigue loading, its effect on the life of rails may be accounted at the design stage itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous literature studies [2][3][4][5][6] employed narrowband Rayleigh waves to estimate the material nonlinearity of thick specimens. Masurkar and Tse 2 used Rayleigh waves to interrogate a thick rectangular beam made of Aluminum (Al) and developed an amplitudebased equation to estimate its material nonlinearity using spectral amplitudes of the first and generated second harmonics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They generated Rayleigh waves in the thick beam Al specimen using a piezoelectric actuator. A normal transducer affixed on plexiglass wedges was used by Torello et al 3 and Shui et al 4 to emit Rayleigh waves and a similar wedge–transducer pair to receive them. They used a relative version (β′) of the nonlinearity parameter β, developed considering the one-dimensional (1D) bulk longitudinal wave to analyze the material nonlinearity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interrogating the health condition of rails using the narrowband Rayleigh waves emitted by an innovative design of non-contact laser transduction system

Masurkar

Tse

et al. 2020

Structural Health Monitoring

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The article reports an innovative optical system that is designed to interrogate the health condition of macroscopically intact rail specimens by measuring its inherent nonlinearity using the narrowband Rayleigh waves. A line-arrayed pattern is developed through the optical system that generates narrowband Rayleigh waves with high power on the surface of the rail. As a result of lattice-anharmonicity, a second harmonic is produced in the wave that is sensed by a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. The spectral amplitudes of the first and generated second harmonics are used to calculate the inherent nonlinearity using an amplitude-based nonlinearity equation. These measurements are carried out on the head, web, and foot of the rail. The performance of the non-contact experiment is also compared with that of a contact experiment carried out using wedge transducers. The experimentally evaluated nonlinearity of the rail steel is further compared with that obtained using a physics-based nonlinearity equation that relies on the higher-order elastic constants. Agreement of the results shows that the new optical system is effective in generating Rayleigh waves in rails and thereby measuring the inherent nonlinearity of the rail track. The estimation of inherent nonlinearity may help in diagnosing the health status of the macroscopically intact rail specimens in terms of their microstructural consistency and level of dissolved impurities before fixing them on a track.

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