Measles outbreak investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: a case control study

Tariku, Mengistie Kassahun; Misikir, Sewnet Wongiel

doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4806-y

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our study finding was lower than the result of study finding conducted in India and Ethiopia 33 , 34 and also lower compared with the expected CFR from measles between 3% and 6% in Ethiopia. 1 Low CFR could be due to deaths not being registered at the community level, whereas, the data only count deaths at the health facility level.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Bukuno¹,

Asholie²,

Girma³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background A measles outbreak can occur in the presence of an increased number of unvaccinated children; however, the vaccine was available many decades ago, and it is the foremost cause of child mortality, claiming 568 lives (mostly children) worldwide each day. The investigation was aimed at assessing the magnitude and identifying contributing factors for the measles outbreak in the Garda Marta District of Gamo Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods From January 20 to February 10, 2022, a descriptive and unmatched case–control study was used to describe the measles outbreak and identify the associated risk factors for measles infection. The descriptive analysis employed all 140 cases from the line list, while the case–control study used 51 cases and 102 controls to investigate factors associated with measles infection. Epi-data version 4.6.0.6 was used to code and enter data, which was then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. To declare statistical significance for the association, multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI was used. Results From a total of 140 measles cases reported from October 12, 2021, to March 09, 2022, 75 (54%) were females. Marta Laddo kebele was most affected (104 cases). Being unvaccinated (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.10–7.32), having a travel history (AOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.61–11.15), having a contact history (AOR: 6.34, 95% CI: 2.35–17.40), being unaware of the mode of transmission (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16–6.37), and having moderate acute malnutrition (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.74–11.31) were factors significantly associated with the measles outbreak. Conclusion Being unvaccinated, travel history to measles outbreak area, contact history, knowledge of caretakers/mothers on the mode of transmission, and acute malnutrition were associated with the measles outbreak in the district. Therefore, strengthening routine measles immunization, mounting vaccination awareness and nutritional screening are recommended.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Bukuno¹,

Asholie²,

Girma³

et al. 2023

IDR

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“…Consistent with the result of outbreak investigations conducted in Ethiopia, 38 , 49 in this investigation age specific attack rate among 0–59 month-old children were 38/1000 population. The result of this investigation is in line with other investigations conducted in Sudan, India and Nepal, which resulted in high attack rate among children under five years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“… 40 But the finding is higher compared to an outbreak investigation conducted in Ginir and Artuma districts of the Oromia region of Ethiopia 0.5% and 2.6%, respectively. 24 , 38 The difference is due to the current outbreak occurring among a pastoralist population with higher food insecurity and prevalent malnutrition, which increased fatality from measles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with study conducted in Gindhir and Artuma Fursi districts of Ethiopia results, having travel history to an area infected with active measles would increase the likelihood of contracting measles infection by four times compared to those who had no history of travel. 24 , 38 This is due to measles being highly contagious and transmission is through person-to-person contact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measles Outbreak Investigation in Guradamole District of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Tsegaye¹,

Gezahegn²,

Tesfaye³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Measles is a highly contagious viral illness and globally, 142,300 people died from measles in 2018. On 25 March 2021, an outbreak of measles was reported from Guradamole district Bale Zone Southeast Ethiopia. Hence, we investigated to determine existence of the outbreak and to identify the associated factors. Method Descriptive and 1:2 unmatched case–control study was done in Guradamole district from March 25 to April 9/2021. For the descriptive study, a total of 98 cases were used. To identify the factor associated with the outbreak, 60 cases were selected by computer-generated simple random method by using line list as a sampling frame and 120 controls were studied. Active cases were identified through home-to-home searching in affected kebeles and controls were selected from neighbors of cases. Five serum samples were taken and an IgM test was done to confirm cases. Cases were any person who developed fever, maculopapular rash and cough, coryza or conjunctivitis while controls were without such diagnosis. We collected data by using a structured questionnaire, cases were described by time, place, and person; logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with measles. In the multivariable analysis P -value <0.05 was declared statistical significance. Results Overall, 98 cases were identified with an overall attack rate of 12/1000 population and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7%. The highest attack rate (38/1000 population) and CFR (57%) were among children aged <59 months. Vaccination efficacy was calculated to be 82.6%. Being unvaccinated (adjusted odds ratio/AOR=5.66, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.24–25.81), contact with patient (AOR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.03–10.17), moderate malnutrition (AOR=4.34, 95%CI: 2.14–8.814), distance from health facility (AOR=4.58, 95%CI: 1.39–15.19) and history of travel to affected area (AOR=3.99, 95%CI: 1.31–12.19) were shown significant associated with measles infection. Conclusion The attack and fatality rate of the investigation were high. Being unvaccinated, distant from the health facility, malnutrition, and history of contact with measles case were associated with the outbreak. We recommend conducting vaccination campaigns, interventions to malnutrition, and strengthening routine immunization programs to reduce future measles outbreaks.

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“…Although knowledge about prevention and transmission of measles and previous measles infection have been shown to play a significant role in a measles outbreak, these variables did not shows significant association with the outbreak. 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Measles Outbreak Among Students of Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi Campus, Southwest Ethiopia

Fekede

Kidan

Getachew

et al. 2021

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Background: Measles is a serious respiratory disease that is spread easily through coughing and sneezing of the measles virus for which humans are the only reservoir. Even though prevention and elimination strategies had been implemented, the outbreaks of measles infection quietly occur in different parts of the world. As of November 2019 a suspected measles outbreak was reported from Tepi campus student's clinic. We investigated the outbreak to determine its possible sources, control measures and identify associated risk factors among students of Mizan-Tepi University. Methods: A facility based unmatched case-control study was conducted. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were cleaned and entered to Epi-info7 and analyzed using SPSS-20. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with measles outbreak at a p-value ≤0.05. Results: A total of 40 measles cases were reported during the investigation. The probable source of the outbreak was an index case who had a travel history to a district with the measles epidemic. Five samples were collected for confirmation of the diagnosis. No measles-related deaths were reported. The major risk factors for measles infection in Mizan-Tepi University were being unvaccinated [AOR = 5.21, 95% CI (1.938, 12.058)], being female [AOR = 4.21, 95% CI (1.426, 11.182)], age group of 18-20 [AOR = 0.123, 95% CI (0.041, 0.37)] and having a contact history [AOR = 0.149, 95% CI (0.041, 0.544)]. Conclusion: The findings of the present investigation indicated that being unvaccinated and having a contact history with confirmed or suspected cases increased the risk of measles infection. Reduction in the level of protective antibodies over time may accelerate transmission of measles in the campus. Strengthening case-based surveillance and supplemental measles vaccination are imperative.

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Measles outbreak investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: a case control study

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Guradamole District of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Risk Factors of Measles Outbreak Among Students of Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi Campus, Southwest Ethiopia

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