Meaningfulness and Recall of Names by Young and Old Adults

Hanley-Dunn, Patricia; McIntosh, James

doi:10.1093/geronj/39.5.583

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In agreement with these propositions, Hultsch and Dixon (1983) found that older subjects recalled more propositions from a text for which normative data indicated a high level of knowledge for older adults (a biographical sketch of Mary Pickford) compared to a text for which normative data indicated a low level of knowledge for older adults (a biographical sketch of Steve Martin). In addition, the results of that study showed exactly the opposite pattern of results for young subjects.This interaction between adult age and datedness of information has been found with other types of materials, such as single words (Barrett & Wright, 1981; Erber, Galt, & Botwinick, 1985; Worden & Sherman-Brown, 1983) and common names (Hanley-Dunn & Mcintosh, 1984). Thus, the importance of pertinent prior knowledge for the goodness of episodic remembering in old age is well documented.…”

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confidence: 70%

“…This interaction between adult age and datedness of information has been found with other types of materials, such as single words (Barrett & Wright, 1981; Erber, Galt, & Botwinick, 1985; Worden & Sherman-Brown, 1983) and common names (Hanley-Dunn & Mcintosh, 1984). Thus, the importance of pertinent prior knowledge for the goodness of episodic remembering in old age is well documented.…”

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confidence: 70%

“…Recent research from our own laboratory suggests that it may be incorrect to generalize data patterns from earlier to later portions of the late adult life span. Backman and Karlsson (1986) showed that whereas 73-year-olds were able to utilize cognitive support in the form of organizational instructions at encoding to improve recall (Hultsch, 1969(Hultsch, , 1971, 82-year-olds did not benefit from pretask suggestions to organize the information. Karlsson et al (1989) demonstrated that although both 73-and 82-yearolds were able to utilize encoding support in the form of motor action during learning (e.g., Backman, 1985b;Dick, Kean, & Sands, 1989), the beneficial effect was greater for 73-than for 82-year-olds.…”

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Recognition memory across the adult life span: The role of prior knowledge

1991

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Two experiments were performed to investigate the effects of prior knowledge on recognition memory in young adults, younger old adults, 76-year-olds, and 85-year-olds. In Experiment 1, we examined episodic recognition of dated and contemporary famous persons presented as faces, names, and faces plus names. In Experiment 2, four types offaces were presented for later recognition: dated familiar, contemporary familiar, old unfamiliar, and young unfamiliar. The results of both experiments showed that young adults performed better with contemporary than with dated famous persons, whereas the reverse was true for all groups of older adults. In addition, the data of Experiment 2 indicated that (l) young adults showed better recognition for young than for old unfamiliar faces, (2) younger old adults performed better with old than with young unfamiliar faces, and (3) the two oldest age groups showed no effect of age of face. These results suggest that the ability to utilize rich semantic knowledge to improve episodic memory is preserved in very old age, although the aging process may be associated with deficits in the ability to utilize prior knowledge to support memory when the underlying representation lacks semantic and contextual features. The overall data pattern was discussed in relation to the notion that, with increasing adult age, there is an increase in the level of cognitive support required to enhance episodic remembering. Recent reviews of the literature on memory and aging suggest that although older adults are typically impaired in performing tasks that draw on basic episodic memory skills, the magnitude of the age-related deficit in episodic remembering varies greatly as a function of multiple external and subject-related factors (Backman, 1989; Backman, Miintyla, & Herlitz, 1990;. Regarding external factors, several investigators have made the observation that age-related differences in memory performance are pronounced in tasks that involve little cognitive support (e.g., free recall of single words), whereas tasks in which the instructions, the retrieval conditions, or the material itself support the learner in initiating appropriate memory operations show reduced or eliminated age differences (e.g., Backman, 1985aBackman, , 1986Backman & Nilsson, 1984Craik, 1983Craik, , 1985Craik, Byrd, & Swanson, 1987;Hultsch & Pentz, 1980). Although the results of a number of studies indicate that older adults require more cognitive support than young adults do to optimize episodic memory functioning, it should be noted that there are exceptions to this pattern. 63There is research indicating a parallel improvement in young and old adults as a function of increasing cognitive support (e.g., Mitchell, Hunt, & Schmitt, 1986; Rabinowitz & Craik, 1986), and there are studies showing that young adults may be more effective than older adults in utilizing some forms of support (e.g., Kliegl, Smith, & Baltes, 1989;Simon, 1979). Thus, the relationship between degree of cognitive support, age, and memory performance is c...

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Recognition memory across the adult life span: The role of prior knowledge

1991

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“…Consequently, older adults are expected to show better episodic memory performance for dated information, whereas young adults should exhibit better performance for contemporary information. Indeed, such an interactive pattern between the age of the rememberer and the datedness of information has been reported for a variety of materials and testing conditions (Backman, 1991;Backman, Herlitz, & Karlsson, 1987;Barrett & Wright, 1981;Erber, Gait, & Botwinick, 1985;Hanley-Dunn & Mclntosh, 1984;Hultsch & Dixon, 1983;Worden & Sherman-Brown, 1983). Thus, for both young and older adults, the importance of pertinent prior knowledge for the level of episodic memory performance is well documented.…”

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confidence: 88%

When Greta Garbo is easier to remember than Stefan Edberg: Influences of prior knowledge on recognition memory in Alzheimer's disease.

Lipinska¹,

Bäckman²,

Herlitz³

1992

Psychology and Aging

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This study investigated the effects of prior knowledge on recognition memory in patients with a mild Alzheimer's disease. Normal older adults and mildly demented patients were presented with dated and contemporary famous faces with name tags and were asked to generate unique statements about each person. Results indicated that both groups generated more statements about the dated than about the contemporary figures. Most important, both groups performed better with the dated than with the contemporary faces in an unexpected episodic face recognition task. This pattern of results suggests that both groups (a) possess more knowledge of dated than of contemporary famous individuals and (b) are able to utilize prior knowledge to enhance episodic remembering. Viewing these results in light of other recent work, it is concluded that differences between normal old and mildly demented individuals in the ability to utilize cognitive support for remembering may be differences in degree.

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“…);memorise meaningless syllables (Macht and Buschke, 1983); andrecognise unfamiliar faces (Ferris et al , 1980). However, once the experiments deal with realistic and meaningful information, no deficits of older subjects are found any more (Craik, 1968; Raymond, 1971; Hultsch, 1977; Capon and Kuhn, 1979; Wright, 1982; Hanley‐Dunn and McIntosh, 1984). Furthermore, older subjects tend to re‐interpret experimental settings in a way that they transfer meaning (Roberts et al , 1982).…”

Section: Two Conceptions Of the Age/performance Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the demographic transition on manufacturing

Thun

Größler

Miczka

2007

Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management

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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is twofold: to discuss characteristics and potential effects of an ageing workforce and to present the perception manufacturing managers have of the influence of demographic change on the manufacturing function.Design/methodology/approachThe phenomenon of demographic change and the characteristics of ageing workers are presented based on a literature study. In addition, the results of a survey within German industrial firms are put forward, in which operations managers were asked about their perception of older workers in manufacturing.FindingsEffects of the demographic transition will influence manufacturing companies in every economy. An ageing workforce is well suited to support quality‐focussed manufacturing strategies. Yet, the adoption of new manufacturing technologies might be hampered by the older employees' unwillingness to learn that is assumed commonly.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical research provides a first look at the substantial impact that demographic change will have on manufacturing companies. The discussion is based on trends in Germany and on the reported perceptions of German manufacturing managers; however, it is argued that implications can be transferred to other economies.Practical implicationsPractitioners will see the necessity to consider the impact of demographical change in future decisions. It is discussed which commonly held beliefs about older workers are justified based on scientific research.Originality/valueFocusing on the demographic transition, this paper adds an important aspect to the academic discussion of the future of manufacturing, highlighting the significant consequences that demographic change will have on manufacturing and suggesting concepts for addressing the challenge in practice. Furthermore, it provides first empirical results of the perception of manufacturing directors about this topic.

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Meaningfulness and Recall of Names by Young and Old Adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Recognition memory across the adult life span: The role of prior knowledge

Recognition memory across the adult life span: The role of prior knowledge

When Greta Garbo is easier to remember than Stefan Edberg: Influences of prior knowledge on recognition memory in Alzheimer's disease.

The impact of the demographic transition on manufacturing

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