Mean position of tidal fronts in European-shelf seas

The seasonal circulation and volume transport on the northwest European continental shelf: A fine‐resolution model study

“…where r is the density and an over-bar indicates a depth mean [Simpson and Bowers, 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter's [1974] ''h/u 3 '' criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [Bowers and Simpson, 1987].…”

“…This represents the energy required to completely mix the water column and is given by: where ρ is the density and an over‐bar indicates a depth mean [ Simpson and Bowers , 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter 's [1974] “ h / u 3 ” criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [ Bowers and Simpson , 1987]. The horizontal gradients in potential energy anomaly also give an indication of the strength of the density‐driven circulation, so from the frontal positions on Figure 3 it can be inferred that subsurface jets have a role in transporting material in each of the seas covered by this model domain.…”

The seasonal circulation and volume transport on the northwest European continental shelf: A fine‐resolution model study

“…where r is the density and an over-bar indicates a depth mean [Simpson and Bowers, 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter's [1974] ''h/u 3 '' criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [Bowers and Simpson, 1987].…”

“…This represents the energy required to completely mix the water column and is given by: where ρ is the density and an over‐bar indicates a depth mean [ Simpson and Bowers , 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter 's [1974] “ h / u 3 ” criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [ Bowers and Simpson , 1987]. The horizontal gradients in potential energy anomaly also give an indication of the strength of the density‐driven circulation, so from the frontal positions on Figure 3 it can be inferred that subsurface jets have a role in transporting material in each of the seas covered by this model domain.…”

The upper mixed layer during coastal upwelling events on the northern portugal shelf

“…The value of log (h/u 3) is about 9.5 for the vertically averaged tidal velocity in the study area, which differs from the typical value 2.7 (Bowers and Simpson, 1987). This indicates that this area will become stratified in summer.…”

Tidal front around the Hainan Island, northwest of the South China Sea

“…These areas are regarded as well‐mixed areas because of the strong tidal currents. The locations of contour lines log ( h / u 3 ) = 2.9 ∼ 3.0, marked in red color in Figure 2b, show almost the same patterns as the surface Chl‐a front detected by the SeaWiFS and can thus be considered as the tidal frontal positions [e.g., Simpson and Hunter , 1974; Bowers and Simpson , 1987; Lie , 1989; Yanagi et al , 1995].…”

The seasonal circulation and volume transport on the northwest European continental shelf: A fine‐resolution model study

“…where r is the density and an over-bar indicates a depth mean [Simpson and Bowers, 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter's [1974] ''h/u 3 '' criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [Bowers and Simpson, 1987].…”

“…This represents the energy required to completely mix the water column and is given by: where ρ is the density and an over‐bar indicates a depth mean [ Simpson and Bowers , 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter 's [1974] “ h / u 3 ” criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [ Bowers and Simpson , 1987]. The horizontal gradients in potential energy anomaly also give an indication of the strength of the density‐driven circulation, so from the frontal positions on Figure 3 it can be inferred that subsurface jets have a role in transporting material in each of the seas covered by this model domain.…”

The upper mixed layer during coastal upwelling events on the northern portugal shelf

“…The value of log (h/u 3) is about 9.5 for the vertically averaged tidal velocity in the study area, which differs from the typical value 2.7 (Bowers and Simpson, 1987). This indicates that this area will become stratified in summer.…”

Tidal front around the Hainan Island, northwest of the South China Sea

“…These areas are regarded as well‐mixed areas because of the strong tidal currents. The locations of contour lines log ( h / u 3 ) = 2.9 ∼ 3.0, marked in red color in Figure 2b, show almost the same patterns as the surface Chl‐a front detected by the SeaWiFS and can thus be considered as the tidal frontal positions [e.g., Simpson and Hunter , 1974; Bowers and Simpson , 1987; Lie , 1989; Yanagi et al , 1995].…”

The seasonal circulation and volume transport on the northwest European continental shelf: A fine‐resolution model study

“…where r is the density and an over-bar indicates a depth mean [Simpson and Bowers, 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter's [1974] ''h/u 3 '' criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [Bowers and Simpson, 1987].…”

“…This represents the energy required to completely mix the water column and is given by: where ρ is the density and an over‐bar indicates a depth mean [ Simpson and Bowers , 1981]. The frontal positions closely match those frontal positions presented by Pingree and Griffiths [1977] from the application of Simpson and Hunter 's [1974] “ h / u 3 ” criteria to a depth averaged tidal model, which in turn shows good agreement with climatological observations [ Bowers and Simpson , 1987]. The horizontal gradients in potential energy anomaly also give an indication of the strength of the density‐driven circulation, so from the frontal positions on Figure 3 it can be inferred that subsurface jets have a role in transporting material in each of the seas covered by this model domain.…”

The upper mixed layer during coastal upwelling events on the northern portugal shelf

“…The value of log (h/u 3) is about 9.5 for the vertically averaged tidal velocity in the study area, which differs from the typical value 2.7 (Bowers and Simpson, 1987). This indicates that this area will become stratified in summer.…”

Tidal front around the Hainan Island, northwest of the South China Sea

“…These areas are regarded as well‐mixed areas because of the strong tidal currents. The locations of contour lines log ( h / u 3 ) = 2.9 ∼ 3.0, marked in red color in Figure 2b, show almost the same patterns as the surface Chl‐a front detected by the SeaWiFS and can thus be considered as the tidal frontal positions [e.g., Simpson and Hunter , 1974; Bowers and Simpson , 1987; Lie , 1989; Yanagi et al , 1995].…”