2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01689.x
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Abstract: Summary1. The role of energy in ecological processes has hitherto been considered primarily from the standpoint that energy supply is limited. That is, traditional resource-based ecological and evolutionary theories and the recent 'metabolic theory of ecology' (MTE) all assume that energetic constraints operate on the supply side of the energy balance equation. 2. For endothermic animals, we provide evidence suggesting that an upper boundary on total energy expenditure is imposed by the maximal capacity to dis… Show more

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Cited by 330 publications
(454 citation statements)
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References 202 publications
(206 reference statements)
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“…Heat dissipation importantly affects the metabolic scaling of endotherms at all ambient temperatures (also see [23][24][25][26]28,56,58,87]), but in the thermoneutral zone, surface area is chiefly important, whereas at increasingly lower ambient temperatures outside the thermoneutral zone, insulation and the cross-surface temperature differential become increasingly important, as well. As Kendeigh and colleagues argued [56], metabolic heat production that exactly compensates for heat dissipation in the cold should scale approximately to the 0.5 power, or as (M 0.167 )(M 0.667 )/(W 0.333 ), which are the hypothesized power relations for the thermal conductivity of the surface layer of insulation (h), surface area (A), and insulation thickness (I), respectively, for endotherms.…”
Section: Implications Of Results For Theorymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Heat dissipation importantly affects the metabolic scaling of endotherms at all ambient temperatures (also see [23][24][25][26]28,56,58,87]), but in the thermoneutral zone, surface area is chiefly important, whereas at increasingly lower ambient temperatures outside the thermoneutral zone, insulation and the cross-surface temperature differential become increasingly important, as well. As Kendeigh and colleagues argued [56], metabolic heat production that exactly compensates for heat dissipation in the cold should scale approximately to the 0.5 power, or as (M 0.167 )(M 0.667 )/(W 0.333 ), which are the hypothesized power relations for the thermal conductivity of the surface layer of insulation (h), surface area (A), and insulation thickness (I), respectively, for endotherms.…”
Section: Implications Of Results For Theorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A likely answer involves an increasing influence of the body-mass scaling of thermal conductance on the scaling of metabolic rate, as ambient temperature (T a ) declines, and thus becomes increasingly different from the relatively high body temperature (T b ) maintained by endotherms. Following Fourier's Law (which is related to Newton's law of cooling), rate of heat flow across an organism's surface is a function of four major factors: surface area, thickness and thermal conductivity of the surface layer of insulation, and the temperature differential (T b -T a ) between the inside and outside of an organism [25,56]. At thermoneutrality, which is near 30 • C in most endothermic vertebrates, the temperature differential is relatively small, and the cost of thermoregulation is minimal, thus causing the metabolic scaling exponent to approximate 2/3, which follows the classic surface law [11,12], as pointed out by [56].…”
Section: Implications Of Results For Theorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…the muscles or the mammary glands (Hammond et al, 1996;Zhao and Cao, 2009;Zhao et al, 2010). More recently, the 'heat dissipation limit theory' has been proposed, which suggests that animals may be limited by the capacity to dissipate heat generated as a by-product of processing food and producing milk (Król and Speakman, 2003a;Król et al, 2007;Speakman and Król, 2010;Speakman and Król, 2011). Although these experiments have greatly contributed to our understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in imposing limits on SusEI, the individual variability in these limits has been largely ignored.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Current understanding suggests that these limits are imposed by the capacity of the animal to dissipate body heat generated as a by-product of processing food and producing milk [40]. This may take place especially during late lactation, and failure to dissipate produced heat that might lead to hyperthermia, which has many negative effects on physiological functions [52]. Thus, heat dissipation limit can be considered as the key physiological mechanism linking current energy expenditure to life history in endothermic animals [40].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%