Maturation of the flight motor pattern without movement inManduca sexta

Kammer, Ann E.; Kinnamon, Sue C.

doi:10.1007/bf02582971

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Excitatory junction potentials could be detected by day 6 in the flight muscles in Manduca (Kammer and Rheuben, 1976;Kammer and Kinnamon, 1979 are degenerating, they are always present within the imaginal femur and tibia as adult muscle is developing. Similarly, although larval motor terminals regress, they remain associated with muscle remnants and are present as the imaginal muscle anlagen grow and differentiate.…”

Section: Development Of Adult Neuromuscular Functionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Remodeling of the peripheral processes and presynaptic terminals of leg motoneurons during metamorphosis of the hawkmoth,Manduca sexta

1996

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During metamorphosis of the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, the muscles, cuticular structures, and most sensory neurons of the larval thoracic legs are replaced by new elements in the adult legs. The thoracic leg motoneurons, however, survive the loss of the larval muscles and persist to innervate new targets in the imaginal legs. Here we have used biocytin staining, immunocytochemistry, and confocal microscopy to follow the fates of the peripheral processes and presynaptic terminals of the leg motoneurons. Although the most distal processes of the motor nerves retract following the degeneration of larval leg muscles, the axon terminals always retain close association with the muscle remnants and the anlagen of the new adult muscles. As the imaginal muscles differentiate and enlarge, the motor terminals expand to form adult presynaptic terminals. An antibody to the presynaptic protein, synaptotagmin, revealed its localization to the terminal varicosities in both larval and adult stages but distribution within pre-terminal branches during adult development. Electrophysiological methods revealed that functional neuromuscular transmission first occurs quite early during metamorphosis, before the differentiation of contractile elements in the muscle fibers.

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Section: Development Of Adult Neuromuscular Functionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Remodeling of the peripheral processes and presynaptic terminals of leg motoneurons during metamorphosis of the hawkmoth,Manduca sexta

1996

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“…In rats, the limb movement frequency -tested in water to avoid effects of weak limb musculature -increases during the first 2 weeks after birth (Bekoff and Trainer, 1979); in chickens, the wing-beat frequency increases during the 2 weeks post-hatching (Provine, 1981a); in locusts the wing-beat frequency increases after the final moult (Altman, 1975;Kutsch, 1971Kutsch, , 1974; in moths, the frequency increases before the adult stage is reached, even in the absence of an overt behaviour (Kammer and Kinnamon, 1979). In chickens, the increase starts before and continues after the behaviour (flight) becomes effective (Provine, 1981a).…”

Section: Developmental Changes In Locomotor Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental changes in head movement kinematics during swimming inXenopus laevistadpoles

Hänzi

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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During the post-embryonic developmental growth of animals, a number of physiological parameters such as locomotor performance, dynamics and behavioural repertoire are adjusted to match the requirements determined by changes in body size, proportions and shape. Moreover, changes in movement parameters also cause changes in the dynamics of self-generated sensory stimuli, to which motion-detecting sensory systems have to adapt. Here, we examined head movements and swimming kinematics of Xenopus laevis tadpoles with a body length of 10-45 mm (developmental stage 46-54) and compared these parameters with fictive swimming, recorded as ventral root activity in semi-intact in vitro preparations. Head movement kinematics was extracted from high-speed video recordings of freely swimming tadpoles. Analysis of these locomotor episodes indicated that the swimming frequency decreased with development, along with the angular velocity and acceleration of the head, which represent selfgenerated vestibular stimuli. In contrast, neither head oscillation amplitude nor forward velocity changed with development despite the ∼3-fold increase in body size. The comparison between free and fictive locomotor dynamics revealed very similar swimming frequencies for similarly sized animals, including a comparable developmental decrease of the swimming frequency. Body morphology and the motor output rhythm of the spinal central pattern generator therefore develop concurrently. This study thus describes development-specific naturalistic head motion profiles, which form the basis for more natural stimuli in future studies probing the vestibular system.

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“…Upregulation of msslo may contribute to the more rapid repolarization of the action potential through increased channel density. This change in electrical properties may be necessary for the performance of the highfrequency flight motor program (Kammer and Kinnamon, 1979). With the use of RNA interference (Feinberg and Hunter, 2003;Uhlirova et al, 2003) and electrophysiological analysis, we will be able to test whether developmental changes in msslo expression contribute to the remodeling of electrical properties of specific neurons and muscles and synaptic plasticity.…”

Section: Are Developmental Changes In Msslo Expression In Visceral Mumentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium-activated potassium channel of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta: molecular characterization and expression analysis

Keyser

Witten

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Large-conductance calciumand voltage-gated potassium channels (BK or Slowpoke) serve as dynamic integrators linking electrical signaling and intracellular activity. These channels can mediate many different Ca 2+ -dependent physiological processes including the regulation of neuronal and neuroendocrine cell excitability and muscle contraction. To gain insights into the function of BK channels in vivo, we isolated a full-length cDNA encoding the alpha subunit of a Slowpoke channel from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (msslo). Amino acid sequence comparison of the deduced Manduca protein revealed at least 80% identity to the insect Slo channels. The five C-terminal alternative splice regions are conserved, but the cloned cDNA fragments contained some unique combinations of exons E, G and I. Our spatial profile revealed that transcript levels were highest in skeletal muscle when compared with the central nervous system (CNS) and visceral muscle. The temporal profile suggested that msslo expression is regulated developmentally in a tissue-and regional-specific pattern. The levels of msslo transcripts remain relatively constant throughout metamorphosis in the CNS, transiently decline in the heart and are barely detectable in the gut except in adults. A dramatic upregulation of msslo transcript levels occurs in thoracic but not abdominal dorsal longitudinal body wall muscles (DLM), suggesting that the msSlo current plays an important role in the excitation or contractile properties of the phasic flight muscle. Our developmental profile of msslo expression suggests that msSlo currents may contribute to the changes in neural circuits and muscle properties that produce stage-specific functions and behaviors.

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Maturation of the flight motor pattern without movement inManduca sexta

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Remodeling of the peripheral processes and presynaptic terminals of leg motoneurons during metamorphosis of the hawkmoth,Manduca sexta

Remodeling of the peripheral processes and presynaptic terminals of leg motoneurons during metamorphosis of the hawkmoth,Manduca sexta

Developmental changes in head movement kinematics during swimming inXenopus laevistadpoles

Calcium-activated potassium channel of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta: molecular characterization and expression analysis

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