Maturation effects on absolute biomarker concentration in a suite of coals and associated vitrinite concentrates

Dzou, Leon; Noble, R.A.; Senftle, J.T.

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(95)00035-d

Cited by 140 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…3(a), (d)). The explanation for the former inversion is probably due to the decomposition of C 29 -ββ epimer being faster than C 29 -αα one [19] , and the latter is mainly caused by the type of organic matter and depositional environment with smaller thermal effect [12,17] .…”

Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, the Pr/Ph ratio increase with increasing maturation from 400 to 600℃, and the increasing magnitude at 1 GPa is larger than that at 3 GPa. The decrease of the Pr/Ph ratio at 700℃, which is associated with the increase of phytane, is probably due to the thermal degradation of kerogen [12] . Price et al [3] suggested that the initial increase and later decrease of the Pr/Ph ratio resulted from the earlier release of precursor from pristane at the epigenesist stage.…”

Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing temperature and time, "epimerization" at the C-20 or C-22 chiral center has been invoked, involving transformation of the biological configuration into the geochemical configuration [12,17,18] . The maturity parameters, such as the C 31 hopane 22S/(22S+22R) and C 29 sterane 20S/ (20R+20S) ratios generally increase with increasing temperature at a given pressure (Fig.…”

Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkane distribution patterns and its parameters, such as odd-even preference (OEP), ratio of heavy hydrocarbons over light hydrocarbons ( 21 22 / nC nC − + ∑ ∑ ), the ratio of pristane over phytane (Pr/Ph), Pristane/n-C 17 (Pr/n-C 17 ) and phytane/n-C 18 (Ph/n-C 18 ) are widely employed to investigate maturity, evolution and depositional environment of organic matter [6,[11][12][13] . At a constant pressure, the dominant peak of n-alkane in pyrolysates is biased toward larger compounds (n-C 22 to n-C 35 ) and 21 increases from 400℃ to 500℃, suggesting that increasing thermal stress results in the cracking of macromolecular bitumen and marginal hydrocarbon of kerogen [13] .…”

Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study to confirm the existence of hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere

Wang

et al. 2006

CHINESE SCI BULL

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Pyrolysis of lignite was conducted at high temperatures from 400 to 700℃ and high pressures of 1 and 3 GPa in a closed system in order to investigate pressure and temperature effects on organic matter maturation. The data indicated that the total yield of liquid hydrocarbons decreased with increasing pressure and the maximum of production was obtained at a higher temperature. The alkanes show more mature characteristics with increasing temperature at a given pressure, conversely, high pressure significantly hinders the thermal evolution of geological organic matter. The experimental results also demonstrated that the relative abundance of high molecular weight hydrocarbons may exist under the conditions of the lower lithosphere, which not only breaks through the traditional concept that alkanes mainly present at stage of "oil window", but also enhances the possibility to find the oil in the high temperature and pressure areas.

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Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation In Yield Of Chloroform Bitumen "A" and Its Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental study to confirm the existence of hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere

Wang

et al. 2006

CHINESE SCI BULL

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“…9, the Pr/n-C 17 ratio has a roughly positive correlation with the Ph/n-C 18 ratios, and the youngest K 1 g 3 has obviously higher Pr/ n-C 17 and Ph/n-C 18 ratios than those of the oldest K 1 g 0 . This correlation implies that maturity has an influence for the Pr/n-C 17 and Pr/n-C 18 ratios (Dzou et al 1995;Obermajer et al 1999). It can be observed that most shale samples fall in the Type II organic matter zone, while only Fig.…”

Section: Saturated Fraction Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 83%

Mineral composition and organic geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation source rock from the Qingxi Sag, Jiuquan Basin, Northwest China

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Pet. Sci.

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The Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation contains the major source rocks for the crude oils discovered in the Qingxi Sag and the South Uplift in the Jiuquan Basin, northwestern China. The Xiagou Formation source rock was formed in a closed, anoxic, reducing, alkaline lacustrine environment with a high salinity. Its high content of brittle minerals is favorable for the fracturing of reservoirs in source rock formations in the Qingxi Sag. The Xiagou Formation contains a great number of fair to excellent source rocks, and their organic matter (OM) came chiefly from plankton/algae and high plants as well as possibly bacterial organisms. The Xiagou Formation source rocks mainly contain Type II OM and some Type III and Type I OM, with good oil-generating potential. The source rock maturity is mainly in the early-mature and mature stages, and its R o value corresponding to oil peak is about 0.8%, which is lower than classic oil peak R o value of 1.0%; therefore, a great deal of hydrocarbon was generated before the classic oil peak R o = 1.0%. Mature source rock in the Xiagou Formation tends to be distributed in the older members and at a greater depth. There is a better exploration potential of tight oil in the deep Qingxi Sag.

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Source Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using Their Molecular Indices: An Overview of Possibilities

Stogiannidis

Laane

2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

331

201

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In recent decades. an exponential increase in the concentration of anthropogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs; see Table I for a li st of PAH abbreviations) has been observed worldwide. Regulators need to know the sources if concentrations are to be reduced and appropriate remediation measures taken. "Source characterization of PAHs" involves linking these contaminants to their sources. Scientists place PAH sources into three classes: pyrogenic, petrogenic. and natural. In this review. we investigate the possibility of using PAH molecular ratios individually or in combination for the purpose of deducing the petrogenic or pyrogenic origin of the contamination in sediments. We do this by reviewing the characteristic PAH patterns of the sources and by taking into account the fate of PAHs in the aquatic environment. Many PAH indicators have been developed for the purpose of discriminating different PAH sources. In Table 4 we summarize the applicability of different PAH ratios and threshold values. The analysis of two- to four-ringed alkylated PAH soilers the possibility to distinguish two or more single sources or categories of pollution in greater detail. For example. the FLO/PYO. the PPI. and PO/AO ratios can be used to discriminate between pyrogenic and petrogcnic sources of contamination. When petrogenic contamination is suspected. chrysenes. PAHs lighter than CO. and in particular. alkylated PAHs can usually be of use. For unburned coal PAHs. The methylphenanthrenic ratios (MP!s). the 1-D I/4- DI. and BbF/BkF are promising, since they are sometimes correlated with vitrinite rellectance (coal ranks). Alkylphenanthrenes can be used to detect biomass combustion. Higher molecular weight parent and alkylated PAHs are appropriate for pyrogenic discriminations. When PAH indices are coupled with discriminant analysis techniques such as PMF (positive matrix factorization),the origin of multiple sources in even the most complex environments can be traced and measured. Even so. the most stable isomer pairs degrade differentially. depending on their thermodynamic stability, the environmental conditions, and the type of degradation. If PAH ratios are to be used, it is usually necessary to have pri or knowledge of the degradation state of the matrices examined (air, sediment, etc.) and of how the PAH ratio behaves under such conditions. PAH ind ices (e.g ., NO/CO or LPAH/HPAH ) can be app lied for distinguishing differential degradation gradients (photodegradation, biodegradation, etc.). Degradation does not significantly affect the ratio of parent to alkylated PAHs and the PI. The degradation arrow in Table 4 and Figs. 9. I 0. II . 12. 13, 14. 15. 17. 18. 19, 20, 2 1, 22. 23. and 24 shows how the ratio usually changes with degradation. Merely detecting the six PAHs of Borneff6 is not enough to establish petrogenic contamination, because Borneff6 includes main ly HMW PAHs. The LPAH 16 appears to be the most suitable for identify ing pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. For more specific information on sources and their...

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Maturation effects on absolute biomarker concentration in a suite of coals and associated vitrinite concentrates

Cited by 140 publications

References 45 publications

Experimental study to confirm the existence of hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere

Experimental study to confirm the existence of hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere

Mineral composition and organic geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation source rock from the Qingxi Sag, Jiuquan Basin, Northwest China

Source Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using Their Molecular Indices: An Overview of Possibilities

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