Mathematical modelling of the electrochemistry in corrosion fatigue cracks in steel corroding in marine environments

Turnbull, A.; Ferriss, D. H.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(87)90129-6

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Experimental attempts have been made to measure EAC crack tip chemistry and electrochemistry. 5,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] While no unified experimental methodology has been utilized and the limited work has been on various metal alloy/environment combinations, experimental evidence supports the theory that crack tip conditions are occluded and not well represented by the bulk environment. Because directly measuring crack chemical and electrochemical conditions is rarely performed given the difficulties in probing and/or extracting electrolyte from the near tip region, a real limitation in advancing the mechanism-based models for EAC and utilizing them for prediction is the availability of experimental input parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…4,5,8,15,16,19,20,23,25,26,33 Figure 2 is a schematic showing expected E tip and pH conditions for an Al alloy that has a freely corroding potential near −775 mV SCE and a level of IR drop similar to that measured by Cooper and Kelly. [15][16][17]33 While Fig.…”

Section: Crack Potential and Phmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Turnbull and coauthors establish the importance of neglected cathodic reactions within the crack environment under freely corroding conditions as well as cathodic polarizations. 4,8,20,28 As will be expounded upon in the pH discussion, increasing the amount of cathodic reactions, specifically reduction of H + , occurring in the crack environment can result in a more neutral pH. This becomes increasingly important under cathodic polarizations.…”

Section: Chemical/electrochemical Reactions Supporting Eacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling efforts have probed this by varying the rates of oxygen reduction and found that the primary effect is on the potential drop with minor influences on crack tip conditions; although uncertainty in appropriate oxygen reduction kinetics made this analysis difficult. 8 Several researchers have modeled and/or experimentally determined E tip and/or ΔE as a function of anodic and cathodic polarization and established that the crack tip is not polarizable, meaning ΔE will become more severe as polarization increases. For CF of the BS 4360 steel grade 50D immersed in ASTM artificial seawater studied by Turnbull and Ferris, 4,8 ΔE increased from 20 mV (E is −800 mV SCE , which is approximately OCP) 4 to~146 mV when −500 mV SCE was applied to the bold surface 8 .…”

Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mathematical based models exist to estimate crack tip chemical and electrochemical conditions, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] but a large majority of these models were developed for nickel and steel alloys. Experimental attempts have been made to measure EAC crack tip chemistry and electrochemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Chemical and electrochemical conditions within stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks

Bland

Locke

2017

npj Mater Degrad

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the area of environment assisted cracking, literature aimed at understanding the chemical and electrochemical conditions at/ near the crack tip establishes that the crack tip is occluded and not well represented by bulk conditions. A review of the relevant literature, both modeling and experimental, is presented here and shows that crack tip conditions are determined by the balance between high metal ion concentrations resulting from crack tip anodic reactions and subsequent hydrolysis, mass transport (including ion migration, diffusion, and advection), and electrochemical polarization of the bold surface, which determines the extent of anodic and cathodic reactions occurring in the crack environment. Under both freely corroding conditions and anodic polarizations, the crack tip pH decreases with increasing polarization above the freely corroding condition, most often leading to a very acidic crack environment. Under sufficient cathodic polarization, the crack tip pH increases. Because of high-anion and -cation concentrations in the crack environment, an IR drop down the crack exists, leaving the crack tip relatively unpolarizable. Ion migration enhances the occluded nature of the crack tip by supplying anions from the bulk solution to maintain electroneutrality at the crack tip. Diffusion to counteract this concentration gradient is minimal and only plays a role in crack tip conditions at very small crack lengths. When cyclic loading conditions are encountered, the occluded nature of the crack tip can be counteracted by advection; although, the role decreases with decreasing f and increasing R, essentially as corrosion fatigue conditions approach those of stress corrosion cracking.npj Materials Degradation (2017) 1:12 ; doi:10.1038/s41529-017-0015-0 INTRODUCTION Structural alloys must withstand both demanding mechanical loads and corrosive environmental conditions when utilized in many applications. Consequently, these materials can be susceptible to premature failure by environment assisted cracking (EAC) when the loading and environmental conditions are sufficiently aggressive. The influence of EAC on the performance and life of structural alloys can be seen in many applications such as oil and gas, nuclear power, nuclear waste storage, and aerospace. For example, several reviews of aircraft structural failures and teardown inspections concluded that fatigue and corrosion dominate aerospace component failures 1, 2 with 78% of the corrosion damage sites identified during teardown having initiated fatigue cracks.2 In addition, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Committee (NRC) released a report in 2014 concluding that one of two top priority needs is understanding stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of spent nuclear fuel storage canisters.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Crack Potential and Phmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Chemical/electrochemical Reactions Supporting Eacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemical and electrochemical conditions within stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks

Bland

Locke

2017

npj Mater Degrad

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Modeling of Marine Corrosion Processes

Lee

Enos

Francis³

et al. 2022

LaQue's Handbook of Marine Corrosion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environment Sensitive Fracture

Magnin

Combrade²

2013

Materials Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sections in this article are Introduction Phenomenology of Environmentally Assisted Cracking ( EAC ) Examples of EAC Phenomenology of Stress Corrosion Cracking ( SCC ) Material/Environment Systems Crack Morphology Mechanical Stress Initiation Versus Propagation Crack Propagation Temperature Material Composition and Structure Phenomenology of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Initiation Crack Propagation Role of Surface Films in Environmentally Assisted Cracking The Effect of Surface Films on the Fatigue behavior in Air The Effect of Protective Surface Films in Stress Corrosion Cracking Dealloyed Surface Films Crack Tip Environments Corrosion of Crack Faces Modeling the Crack Tip Environment An Example of Corrosion Fatigue Review of Localized Corrosion–Deformation Interactions Influence of Dissolution on the Mechanical Behavior Influence of Plasticity on Dissolution Processes An Example of Mechanical and Electrochemical Coupling Effects Cyclic Deformation Mechanisms in Air Influence of 3.5% Na Cl Solution Hydrogen‐Dislocation Interactions Introduction Stress‐Assisted Diffusion of Hydrogen Hydrogen Interaction with One Edge Dislocation Steady State Repartition of Hydrogen Temperature Dependence Stress Induced in the Slip Plane by Hydrogen Hydrogen Interaction with Two Edge Dislocations Hydrogen Effect on the Cross Slip Ability Environmentally Assisted Cracking ( EAC ) Models Film Rupture/Slip Dissolution Model Film Rupture/Slip Dissolution Mechanism Applying the Model to Practical Problems Limitations of the Film Rupture–Slip Dissolution Model Film Induced Cleavage Model Corrosion Assisted Cleavage Model Hydrogen Assisted Cracking Models Decohesion Models Hydrogen Induced Plasticity Models Corrosion Enhanced Plasticity Model Modeling Numerical Simulation of the Mobile Obstacle Conclusions

show abstract

Mathematical modelling of the electrochemistry in corrosion fatigue cracks in steel corroding in marine environments

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Chemical and electrochemical conditions within stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks

Chemical and electrochemical conditions within stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks

Modeling of Marine Corrosion Processes

Environment Sensitive Fracture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About