Mathematical descriptions for the behaviour of ice-rich frozen soils at temperatures close to 0 °C

Arenson, Lukas U.; Springman, Sarah M.

doi:10.1139/t04-109

Cited by 158 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Active glacial till slopes with low strength are usually vulnerable, and their failure can occur when the air temperature is above 0 • C (Arenson and Springman, 2005). Rainfall or ice melt water induced by air temperature can trigger a failure (Fig.…”

Section: Failure Of Glacial Tillmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periglacial debris flows can be initiated by rainfall (Stoffel et al, 2011;Schneuwly-Bollschweiler and Stoffel, 2012), glacial meltwater flow or ice particle ablation (Arenson and Springman, 2005;Decaulne et al, 2005) or outburst floods from glacier lakes (Chiarle et al, 2007) in different parts of the world; however, multiple triggers of a single event have rarely been studied. Because debris flows are commonly triggered by rainfall (Sassa and Wang, 2005;Decaulne et al, 2007;Kean et al, 2013;Takahashi, 2014), the rainfall threshold, intensity and duration have been widely used for debris flow monitoring and to provide event warnings in non-glacier areas (Guzzetti et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meteorological factors driving glacial till variation and the associated periglacial debris flows in Tianmo Valley, south-eastern Tibetan Plateau

Deng

Chen

Liu

2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Meteorological studies have indicated that high alpine environments are strongly affected by climate warming, and periglacial debris flows are frequent in deglaciated regions. The combination of rainfall and air temperature controls the initiation of periglacial debris flows, and the addition of meltwater due to higher air temperatures enhances the complexity of the triggering mechanism compared to that of storm-induced debris flows. On the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau, where temperate glaciers are widely distributed, numerous periglacial debris flows have occurred over the past 100 years, but none occurred in the Tianmo watershed until 2007. In 2007 and 2010, three large-scale debris flows occurred in the Tianmo Valley. In this study, these three debris flow events were chosen to analyse the impacts of the annual meteorological conditions, including the antecedent air temperature and meteorological triggers. The remote sensing images and field measurements of the adjacent glacier suggested that sharp glacier retreats occurred in the 1 to 2 years preceding the events, which coincided with spikes in the mean annual air temperature. Glacial till changes providing enough active sediment driven by a prolonged increase in the air temperature are a prerequisite of periglacial debris flows. Different factors can trigger periglacial debris flows, and they may include high-intensity rainfall, as in the first and third debris flows, or continuous, long-term increases in air temperature, as in the second debris flow event.

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Section: Failure Of Glacial Tillmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological factors driving glacial till variation and the associated periglacial debris flows in Tianmo Valley, south-eastern Tibetan Plateau

Deng

Chen

Liu

2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…However, at very large strains, ice bonding fails, destroying the cohesive effect, and the strength of the frozen material approaches that of the equivalent unfrozen soil. Volumetric air contents of up to 25% have been recorded in intact rock glacier samples (Arenson and Springman, 2005a); they resulted in volumetric strains of >10% during triaxial compression at an axial creep strain of 20%. An increase in strain rate results in an increase in frozen ground strength, but also in a change towards a brittle behaviour.…”

Section: Geotechnical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain permafrost: development and challenges of a young research field

Haeberli¹,

Nötzli²,

Arenson³

et al. 2010

J. Glaciol.

178

147

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An overview is given of the relatively short history, important issues and primary challenges of research on permafrost in cold mountain regions. The systematic application of diverse approaches and technologies contributes to a rapidly growing knowledge base about the existence, characteristics and evolution in time of perennially frozen ground at high altitudes and on steep slopes. These approaches and technologies include (1) drilling, borehole measurement, geophysical sounding, photogrammetry, laser altimetry, GPS/SAR surveying, and miniature temperature data logging in remote areas that are often difficult to access, (2) laboratory investigations (e.g. rheology and stability of ice-rock mixtures), (3) analyses of digital terrain information, (4) numerical simulations (e.g. subsurface thermal conditions under complex topography) and (5) spatial models (e.g. distribution of permafrost where surface and microclimatic conditions are highly variable spatially). A sound knowledge base and improved understanding of governing processes are urgently needed to deal effectively with the consequences of climate change on the evolution of mountain landscapes and, especially, of steep mountain slope hazards as the stabilizing permafrost warms and degrades. Interactions between glaciers and permafrost in cold mountain regions have so far received comparatively little attention and need more systematic investigation. ABSTRACT. An overview is given of the relatively short history, important issues and primary challenges of research on permafrost in cold mountain regions. The systematic application of diverse approaches and technologies contributes to a rapidly growing knowledge base about the existence, characteristics and evolution in time of perennially frozen ground at high altitudes and on steep slopes. These approaches and technologies include (1) drilling, borehole measurement, geophysical sounding, photogrammetry, laser altimetry, GPS/SAR surveying, and miniature temperature data logging in remote areas that are often difficult to access, (2) laboratory investigations (e.g. rheology and stability of icerock mixtures), (3) analyses of digital terrain information, (4) numerical simulations (e.g. subsurface thermal conditions under complex topography) and (5) spatial models (e.g. distribution of permafrost where surface and microclimatic conditions are highly variable spatially). A sound knowledge base and improved understanding of governing processes are urgently needed to deal effectively with the consequences of climate change on the evolution of mountain landscapes and, especially, of steep mountain slope hazards as the stabilizing permafrost warms and degrades. Interactions between glaciers and permafrost in cold mountain regions have so far received comparatively little attention and need more systematic investigation.

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“…Defining the relevant stress state variables is essential for developing constitutive models for such a material. Total stress based models have been widely used in the literature to describe the mechanical behavior of frozen soils (Arenson and Springman 2005;Qi et al 2013;Wang et al 2014;Xu 2014). However, working with total stress, description of soil behavior in the presence of unfrozen water will face some significant difficulties which are not clearly addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive Model for Long-Term Behavior of Saturated Frozen Soil

Amiri¹,

Grimstad²

2017

Poromechanics VI

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In this paper a two stress-state variables model with solid phase stress and cryogenic suction is introduced for simulating the long-term behavior of frozen soils. The solid phase stress is introduced as the combined stress of soil grains and ice. The model is able to represent the behavior of frozen soils in different temperatures and ice contents with a single set of parameters. It is also able to simulate the transition between frozen and unfrozen states. The so-called overstress methodis applied for simulating the elastic-viscoplastic deformation of the material due to variation of solid phase stress, while an elastic-plastic formulation is applied for the suction induced deformation. In unfrozen state, the model becomes a conventional elasticviscoplasticcritical state model. The model is implemented in PLAXIS and results are compared with the available testdata and reasonable agreement is achieved.

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Mathematical descriptions for the behaviour of ice-rich frozen soils at temperatures close to 0 °C

Cited by 158 publications

References 24 publications

Meteorological factors driving glacial till variation and the associated periglacial debris flows in Tianmo Valley, south-eastern Tibetan Plateau

Meteorological factors driving glacial till variation and the associated periglacial debris flows in Tianmo Valley, south-eastern Tibetan Plateau

Mountain permafrost: development and challenges of a young research field

Constitutive Model for Long-Term Behavior of Saturated Frozen Soil

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