Maternal Virus Load and Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype E Transmission, Thailand

Shaffer, Nathan; Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat; Siriwasin, Wimol; Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee; Chearskul, Sanay; Young, Nancy L.; Parekh, Bharat; Mock, Philip A.; Bhadrakom, C; Chinayon, Pratharn; Kalish, Marcia L.; Phillips, Susan; Granade, Timothy C.; Subbarao, Shambavi; Weniger, Bruce G.; Mastro, Timothy D.

doi:10.1086/314641

Cited by 125 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…4 Despite increasing availability of antiretroviral treatment for HIV-infected children, illness and death caused by the progression of perinatal HIV infection will place a substantial burden on the health care system in Thailand. Caring for these HIVinfected children requires an understanding of the manifestations of perinatal HIV infection in Thailand, where most HIV infections in children are with subtype E. 5 Knowing the expected duration of survival after perinatal infection helps with counseling families of HIV-infected children. Identifying predictors of disease progression can help indicate prognosis and guide treatment.…”

Section: T He Epidemic Of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enrollment procedures for this study and analysis of perinatal transmission have been published. 5,6 The study was conducted before the AIDS Clinical Trials group 076 study ended 7 ; antiretroviral prophylaxis was not yet used to prevent mother-infant transmission, although HIVinfected mothers were advised not to breastfeed and were provided infant formula and ongoing infant feeding counseling. During the course of this study, primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was not used routinely for HIV-exposed infants, but was used for children with signs of HIV infection.…”

Section: Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Venous blood specimens were taken within 72 hours of birth, at 2, 6, 12, and 15 months of age, and every 6 months thereafter for lymphocyte phenotyping according to published methods. 5 Plasma HIV RNA concentration (viral load) was measured retrospectively for selected specimens.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival, Disease Manifestations, and Early Predictors of Disease Progression Among Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Thailand

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To describe survival and signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in perinatally infected children in Thailand.Methods. At 2 large Bangkok hospitals, 295 infants born to HIV-infected mothers were enrolled at birth from November 1992 through September 1994 and followed up with clinical and laboratory evaluations every 1 to 3 months for 18 months. Infected children remained in follow-up thereafter. For the infected children, we used data collected through October 2000 to estimate survival times and compare characteristics among those whose disease progressed at rapid (died within 1 year), intermediate (died at 1-5 years), and slow (survived at least 5 years) rates.Results .

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Section: T He Epidemic Of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival, Disease Manifestations, and Early Predictors of Disease Progression Among Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Thailand

et al. 2002

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“…According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, approximately 58% of HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa are women and 9% are children (29). Both sexual and perinatal transmission of HIV are associated with a high plasma viral load (10,14,20,23,25,27,28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Low-Dose Mucosal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Challenge Results in the Same Viral and Immunological Kinetics as High-Dose Challenge: a Model for the Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy in Nonhuman Primates

McDermott¹,

Mitchen²,

Piaskowski³

et al. 2004

J Virol

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Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge of rhesus macaques provides a relevant model for the assessment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine strategies. To ensure that all macaques become infected, the vaccinees and controls are exposed to large doses of pathogenic SIV. These nonphysiological high-dose challenges may adversely affect vaccine evaluation by overwhelming potentially efficacious vaccine responses. To determine whether a more physiologically relevant low-dose challenge can initiate infection and cause disease in Indian rhesus macaques, we used a repeated low-dose challenge strategy designed to reduce the viral inoculum to more physiologically relevant doses. In an attempt to more closely mimic challenge with HIV, we administered repeated mucosal challenges with 30, 300, and 3,000 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID 50 ) of pathogenic SIVmac239 to six animals in three groups. Infection was assessed by sensitive quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and was achieved following a mean of 8, 5.5, and 1 challenge(s) in the 30, 300, and 3,000 TCID 50 groups, respectively. Mortality, humoral immune responses, and peak plasma viral kinetics were similar in five of six animals, regardless of challenge dose. Interestingly, macaques challenged with lower doses of SIVmac239 developed broad T-cell immune responses as assessed by ELISPOT assay. This low-dose repeated challenge may be a valuable tool in the evaluation of potential vaccine regimes and offers a more physiologically relevant regimen for pathogenic SIVmac239 challenge experiments.

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“…The levels of systemic virus, as measured by HIV-1 RNA in plasma, have been shown to predict the rate of disease progression (9,12,17,18). Moreover, studies in the United States and Thailand have shown that maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA levels are highly correlated with the risk of infant infection (3,5,13,20). Recently, it has been shown that individuals with higher plasma viral RNA levels are significantly more likely to sexually transmit HIV-1 than individuals with lower plasma viral RNA levels (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Performance of the Gen-Probe Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral Load Assay with Genital Swabs and Breast Milk Samples

Panteleeff¹,

Emery²,

Richardson

et al. 2002

J Clin Microbiol

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Human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) continues to spread at an alarming rate. The virus may be transmitted through blood, genital secretions, and breast milk, and higher levels of systemic virus in the index case, as measured by plasma RNA viral load, have been shown to correlate with increased risk of transmitting HIV-1 both vertically and sexually. Less is known about the correlation between transmission and HIV-1 levels in breast milk or genital secretions, in part because reliable quantitative assays to detect HIV-1 in these fluids are not available. Here we show that the Gen-Probe HIV-1 viral load assay can be used to accurately quantify viral load in expressed breast milk and in cervical and vaginal samples collected on swabs. Virus could be quantified from breast milk and swab samples spiked with known amounts of virus, including HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D. As few as 10 copies of HIV-1 RNA could be detected above background threshold levels in >77% of assays performed with spiked breast milk supernatants and mock swabs. In genital swab samples from HIV-1-infected women, similar levels of HIV-1 RNA were consistently detected in duplicate swabs taken from the same woman on the same clinic visit, suggesting that the RNA values from a single swab sample can be used to measure genital viral load.

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Maternal Virus Load and Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype E Transmission, Thailand

Cited by 125 publications

References 38 publications

Survival, Disease Manifestations, and Early Predictors of Disease Progression Among Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Thailand

Survival, Disease Manifestations, and Early Predictors of Disease Progression Among Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Thailand

Repeated Low-Dose Mucosal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Challenge Results in the Same Viral and Immunological Kinetics as High-Dose Challenge: a Model for the Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy in Nonhuman Primates

Validation of Performance of the Gen-Probe Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral Load Assay with Genital Swabs and Breast Milk Samples

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