Maternal transmission of immunity to white spot syndrome associated virus (WSSV) in shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Trans-generational immune priming in a social insect

“…We demonstrate that induced levels of antibacterial activity are higher in the worker offspring of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris L. when their mother queen received a corresponding bacterial-based immune challenge prior to colony founding. In contrast to other work showing transgenerational effects on offspring resistance (Huang & Song 1999), our study directly assays immunity, and its findings are clearly not a result of selection on the maternal population. Consequently, our work contributes to the view that increased offspring resistance in other invertebrates (Little et al 2003) results from epigenetic effects on immunity.…”

“…In invertebrates evidence is limited, but studies have demonstrated trans-generational resistance to pathogens (Little et al 2003). However, alternative explanations for those findings include selection instead of maternal transfer (Huang & Song 1999). A study showing transgenerational resistance to bacteria in clonal offspring of the crustacean Daphnia does not suffer from such potential for selection on the maternal population, but does not directly demonstrate an effect on immune defence per se (Little et al 2003).…”

Ecological and evolutionary implications of immunological priming in invertebrates

“…lipopolysaccharide, a pathogen mimic) and a secondary challenge of a pathogen [3]. Experiment (b) is similar to (a), but tests the offspring of individuals subjected to the prechallenge, and thus tests for transgenerational effects [9,10]. Experiments (c) and (d) test for strain specific effects on individuals (c) [7] or as a transgenerational effect (d) [8].…”

“…Studies of other taxa have shown that specific responses in individual hosts also occur, that is, responses might be finely tuned to particular pathogen types or strains [4][5][6], and these specific responses might also be prophylactic [7]. Both specific and general immunity can also be transmitted across generations [8][9][10], endowing the offspring of pathogen-exposed parents with improved immunity. The use of the word 'specific' here refers only to a scenario of specialized host and parasite genotypes, and does not necessarily imply acquired immunity, as it does in vertebrate immunology [11].…”

Performance and immunological resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei fed a β-1,3/1,6-glucan-supplemented diet after per os challenge with the Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV)

“…Several compounds have been reported to actively promote immunological responses and increase survival in cultured penaeids after viral or bacterial challenge. This includes peptidoglycans , glucans (Sung et al, 1994;Song et al, 1997;Huang and Song, 1999;Chang et al, 2000;López et al, 2003;Rodríguez et al, 2007), lipopolysaccharides (Sritunyalucksana et al, 1999;Takahashi et al, 2000), and sulfated fucoidans (Chotigeat et al, 2004).…”