“…CB 1 receptor expression is abundant in several brain regions including the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and amygdala where their modulation of neurotransmitter release exerts a variety of behavioral and cognitive effects (Khan, Maalik, 2013). Here, a substantial body of evidence from animal models and human studies has shown that CB 1 receptor agonists, frequently in the form of ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol which is the principal psychoactive component derived from Cannabis sativa, induce numerous and complex effects on cognitive functions including attention, learning, emotional reactivity, enhancement of the perceptions of the senses, and, idiosyncratically, impairment and improvement in short-term memory (Barzegar et al , 2015, Razavinasab et al , 2013, Shabani et al , 2009, Shabani et al , 2011. In the passive avoidance task, CB 1 receptor activation reversed opioid-induced memory impairment (Zarrindast, 2006) but in other reports have been shown to impair passive avoidance learning in addition to adversely affecting spatial and working memory (Hasanein andTeimuri Far, 2015, Shabani et al , 2012).…”