Maternal conjugated linoleic acid modulates TAG metabolism in adult rat offspring

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might regulate the lipid depots in liver and adipose tissue. As there is an association between maternal nutrition, fat depots and risk of offspring chronic disease, the aim was to investigate the effect of maternal CLA consumption on TAG regulation and some inflammatory parameters in adult male rat offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. Female Wistar rats were fed control (C) or CLA-supplemented (1 %, w/w) diets during 4 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring of CLA rats were fed C or CLA diets (CLA/C and CLA/CLA groups, respectively), whereas C male rat offspring were fed a C diet (C/C group) for 9 weeks. Serum TAG levels were increased in the CLA/CLA and CLA/C groups, associated with a reduction of lipoprotein lipase activity and weights of adipose tissue. The liver TAG levels were decreased in the CLA/CLA group, related to a significant reduction of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities, as well as to the mRNA levels of FAS, ACC, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. Even though normal TAG levels were found in the liver of CLA/C rats, a reduction of lipogenesis was also observed. Thus, these results demonstrated a programming effect of CLA on the lipid metabolic pathways leading to a preventive effect on the TAG accretion in adipose tissue and the liver of male rat offspring. This knowledge could be important to develop some dietary strategies leading to a reduced incidence of obesity and fatty acid liver disease in humans.

Maternal conjugated linoleic acid consumption prevented TAG alterations induced by a high-fat diet in male adult rat offspring

“…In the present study, using an equimolecular mixture of c9, t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA isomers, we found, as expected, that CLA was incorporated in the serum, liver and EWAT of the HFþCLA/HFþCLA group but was not detected in the HFþCLA/ HF group, as previously observed (22) . In agreement with previous results from our laboratory (42) and from other authors (43,44) , the incorporation of c9,t11-CLA was higher than that of the t10, c12-CLA isomer in EWAT > liver > serum.…”

“…Thus, taking into account that the same results were observed in both offspring groups, consuming or not consuming CLA after weaning, and that we did not detect CLA in the liver of the HFþCLA/HF group, we could hypothesise that an early-life CLA programming mechanism that controls liver steatosis may be involved. Similar mechanisms of TAG regulation were previously observed in a study that investigated the influence of maternal CLA on TAG metabolism in adult offspring rats fed a normo-energetic diet (22) .…”

“…CLA has been shown to prevent certain alterations induced by nutritional imbalances (5,40) . In this sense, we have recently demonstrated a programming effect of CLA on lipid metabolic pathways leading to a preventive effect on TAG accretion in adipose tissue and liver of male adult offspring rats fed normo-energetic diets (22) . Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential preventive effect of maternal CLA consumption on TAG metabolism alterations induced by HF diets in adult male offspring receiving or not receiving CLA.…”

“…Thus, CLA supplementation during critical windows of development may represent a therapeutic strategy in the prevention of early-life programming of metabolic and reproductive dysfunction (19)(20)(21) . Previously, in adult offspring rats fed normo-energetic diets, we demonstrated that a programming effect of CLA on lipid metabolic pathways leads to a preventive effect on TAG accretion in adipose tissue and liver (22) . Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of maternal CLA consumption on TAG metabolism alterations induced by HF diets in adult male offspring receiving or not receiving CLA.…”

Effects of in ovo feeding of t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid on hepatic lipid metabolism and subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition in newly hatched broiler chicks

“…Among all CLA isomers, t10,c12-CLA was found to be responsible for fat-reducing effects ( House et al., 2005 ). Previous studies showed that maternal supplementation with a 0.5% CLA mixture increased t10,c12-CLA incorporation in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue of offspring and decreased triglyceride ( TG ) accumulation and adipose tissue deposition ( Reynolds et al., 2015 ; Lavandera et al., 2017 ; González et al., 2020 ; Fu et al., 2021 ). However, CLA treatment also decreased the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFA s) from saturated fatty acids ( SFA s) by inhibiting Δ-9 desaturase activity in hen livers and increasing the ratio of SFAs:MUFAs in yolk sacs ( Muma et al., 2006 ; Fu et al., 2021 ).…”