Materials, Processes, and Facile Manufacturing for Bioresorbable Electronics: A Review

Abstract

Bioresorbable electronics refer to a new class of advanced electronics that can completely dissolve or disintegrate with environmentally and biologically benign byproducts in water and biofluids. They have provided a solution to the growing electronic waste problem with applications in temporary usage of electronics such as implantable devices and environmental sensors. Bioresorbable materials such as biodegradable polymers, dissolvable conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics are extensively studied, enabling massive progress of bioresorbable electronic devices. Processing and patterning of these materials are predominantly relying on vacuum-based fabrication methods so far. However, for the purpose of commercialization, nonvacuum, low-cost, and facile manufacturing/printing approaches are the need of the hour. Bioresorbable electronic materials are generally more chemically reactive than conventional electronic materials, which require particular attention in developing the low-cost manufacturing processes in ambient environment. This review focuses on material reactivity, ink availability, printability, and process compatibility for facile manufacturing of bioresorbable electronics.

Recent advances on organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite photodetectors with fast response

“…However, owing to large specific surface area, defect‐free single crystal and high crystal quality. Photodetectors composed of nanowires and nanorods have higher response speed than those of the conventional single crystal photodetectors . Until now, several research groups obtained the μs‐level response speed using nanowire or nanorod structures respectively.…”

“…Photodetectors composed of nanowires and nanorods have higher response speed than those of the conventional single crystal photodetectors. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62] Until now, several research groups obtained the μs-level response speed using nanowire or nanorod structures respectively. Firstly, Yang et al proposed a method for synthesizing high quality inorganic CsPbI 3 perovskite nanorods by solution process.…”

Copper nanomaterials and assemblies for soft electronics

“…When a patterned screen is used as a mask in the doctor blading process, this process is evolved into screen printing, which allows the ink to penetrate through the open windows of the screen onto the target substrate [13,[109][110][111][112]. The screens are made from photo-lithographically patterned fabrics or etched stainless steels or even silicon wafers [81,113]. The screen can be away from the substrate below for a controlled distance to allow a clean transfer of the inks.…”

Programmable Vanishing Multifunctional Optics

“…[6][7][8] Particularly, the tendency of polymers to swell and crack the electronic materials when immersed in water or biofluids hinders their practical applications, where organic polymers and inorganic semiconductors/metals are integrated during the fabrication of nearly all types of active and passive electronic components, including resistors, inductors, capacitors, antennas, transistors, and diodes. [6][7][8] Particularly, the tendency of polymers to swell and crack the electronic materials when immersed in water or biofluids hinders their practical applications, where organic polymers and inorganic semiconductors/metals are integrated during the fabrication of nearly all types of active and passive electronic components, including resistors, inductors, capacitors, antennas, transistors, and diodes.…”

“…2019, 6,1801746 Transmission Experimental Setup for MC-DOE Characterization: The MC-DOE was illuminated by three laser pointers (using a laser diode emitting a narrow band coherent laser beam of visible light). Sci.…”