Mate‐finding dispersal reduces local mate limitation and sex bias in dispersal

Mishra, Abhishek; Tung, Sudipta; Sruti, V. R. Shree; Srivathsa, Sahana; Dey, Sutirth

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13278

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…The length of the path between the source and the destination was increased intermittently across generations, which mimicked increasing habitat fragmentation over time. As a result of the dispersal selection, VB populations evolved to have a higher dispersal propensity, ability, and speed (Tung et al 2018a;Mishra et al 2020).…”

Section: Fly Populations and Dispersal Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimize the contribution of nongenetic parental effects, we reared all VB and VBC populations for one generation under common conditions prior to the experiment. Following an earlier protocol (Mishra et al 2018b(Mishra et al , 2020, we then generated the flies such that they were age-matched at the time of dispersal assay, and without any apparent confounds of kin-or inbreeding-related effects (Text S1). Finally, to eliminate any confounding effects of habitat quality during the dispersal assay, the dispersal setup (section DISPERSAL SETUP AND ASSAY) was devoid of any food or moisture (similar to Mishra et al 2018bMishra et al , 2020.…”

Section: Culturing Flies For the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we obtained the overall temporal profile of dispersers for each replicate. For this, we calculated the proportion of dispersers that reached destination during each 15-min interval, relative to the final number of successful dispersers (Mishra et al 2018b(Mishra et al , 2020.…”

Section: Dispersal Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, leaving the source container quickly can also allow the females to escape excessive harassment by males (e.g., Byrne et al 2008;Yun et al 2017;Malek and Long 2019). However, the high female dispersal thus evolved could create a shortage of mates for males, likely resulting in increasingly higher mate-finding dispersal by them (Shaw and Kokko 2014;Mishra et al 2020). This way, spatial sorting would then ensure that both males and females evolve increasingly similar dispersal kernels (Meier et al 2011;Shaw and Kokko 2014) with high dispersal propensity, ability, and speed.…”

Section: Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal

2020

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In many organisms, dispersal varies with the local population density. Such patterns of density‐dependent dispersal (DDD) are expected to shape the dynamics, spatial spread, and invasiveness of populations. Despite their ecological importance, empirical evidence for the evolution of DDD patterns remains extremely scarce. This is especially relevant because rapid evolution of dispersal traits has now been empirically confirmed in several taxa. Changes in DDD of dispersing populations could help clarify not only the role of DDD in dispersal evolution, but also the possible pattern of subsequent range expansion. Here, we investigate the relationship between dispersal evolution and DDD using a long‐term experimental evolution study on Drosophila melanogaster. We compared the DDD patterns of four dispersal‐selected populations and their non‐selected controls. The control populations showed negative DDD, which was stronger in females than in males. In contrast, the dispersal‐selected populations showed DDD, where neither males nor females exhibited DDD. We compare our results with previous evolutionary predictions that focused largely on positive DDD, and highlight how the direction of evolutionary change depends on the initial DDD pattern of a population. Finally, we discuss the implications of DDD evolution for spatial ecology and evolution.

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Section: Fly Populations and Dispersal Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Culturing Flies For the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dispersal Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal

2020

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“…This setup was similar to the one used for selection of higher dispersers in VB populations (Tung et al 2018b), with the only difference being in the size of the containers used as source and destination. Following an earlier protocol (Mishra et al 2018b;Mishra et al 2020), we used 100-mL conical glass flasks as source containers and 250-mL plastic bottles as destination containers. The source and the destination were connected by a 2-m long path (transparent plastic tube; inner diameter ~1 cm) ( Fig.…”

Section: Dispersal Setup and Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal

Mishra

Chakraborty

Dey

2020

Preprint

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18In many organisms, dispersal varies with the local population density. Such patterns of density-19 dependent dispersal (DDD) are expected to shape the dynamics, spatial spread and invasiveness 20 of populations. Despite their ecological importance, empirical evidence for the evolution of DDD 21 patterns remains extremely scarce. This is especially relevant because rapid evolution of 22 dispersal traits has now been empirically confirmed in several taxa. Changes in DDD of 23 dispersing populations could help clarify not only the role of DDD in dispersal evolution, but 24 also the possible pattern of subsequent range expansion. Here, we investigate the relationship 25 between dispersal evolution and DDD using a long-term experimental evolution study on 26 Drosophila melanogaster. We compared the DDD patterns of four dispersal-selected populations 27 and their non-selected controls. The control populations showed negative DDD, which was 28 stronger in females than in males. In contrast, the dispersal-selected populations showed density-29 independent dispersal, where neither males nor females exhibited DDD. Our results are contrary 30 to the expectations from previous studies, which predict that dispersal evolution at range edges 31 leads to stronger negative DDD patterns. We discuss the possible reasons for this divergence 32 from earlier predictions and its implications for spatial ecology and evolution. 33 34 Keywords: density-dependent dispersal, sex-biased dispersal, Drosophila melanogaster, 35 dispersal propensity, temporal dispersal profile, spatial sorting 36 37 Biological dispersal, an integral part of the life history in many taxa (Bonte and Dahirel 2017), is 39 a major determinant of spatial distribution of living organisms. Dispersal patterns influence 40 several ecological phenomena, including biological invasions, range expansions and community 41 assembly (Bowler and Benton 2005; Clobert et al. 2009; Lowe and McPeek 2014). The specifics 42 of a given dispersal event, in turn, are regulated by numerous biotic and abiotic factors (Bowler 43 and Benton 2005; Matthysen 2012). One such factor that can be a prominent cause of variation 44 in the dispersal patterns of many species is the local population density, leading to density-45 dependent dispersal (DDD) (reviewed in Matthysen 2005; Harman et al. 2020). 46Population density can affect the movement of individuals in many ways. For instance, DDD is 47 defined as positive when the per capita dispersal increases with increasing population density, 48 often manifesting as greater proportional movement from dense regions to sparse regions (e.g. 49 Aars and Ims 2000; De Meester and Bonte 2010; Bitume et al. 2013; Lutz et al. 2015). Similarly, 50 negative DDD implies a reduction in per capita movement with increasing population density, 51 resulting in greater aggregation in crowded regions and higher net emigration from sparse 52 regions (e.g. Andreassen and Ims 2001; Baguette et al. 2011; Pennekamp et al. 2014; Mishra et 53 al. 2018b). In addition, r...

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Sex- and trait-specific silver-spoon effects of developmental environments, on ageing

et al. 2021

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The environment organisms experience during development can have effects which carry over into their adult lives. These environments not only affect adult traits at a given point in time, but also how these traits change with age. Generally, favorable developmental environments lead to more optimal adult traits while stressful environments are deleterious ("silver-spoon effect"). But whether developmental environments affect how whole-organism performance traits change with age or whether they affect males and females differently lacks evidence. Here, we test whether experiencing favorable developmental environments leads to "silver-spoon effects" on life-history traits and whole-organism flight performance of males and females by manipulating developmental density in Callosobruchus maculatus. We further test whether such effects are mediated by an individual's reproductive status by comparing traits of mated versus virgin females. We show that although developmental crowding has no effect on flight performance of either sex, on male adult lifespan, or on female age-dependent survival, it is detrimental to female lifespan and fecundity, as well as female age-dependent reproduction, suggesting that females are more sensitive to differences in developmental density. Additionally, we show that flight traits change with age and differ not only between males and females, which is reflective of sex-specific lifehistories and behavior, but also between virgin and mated females. Our study is important for understanding sex-specific responses to developmental environments in life-history, behavioral, and ecologically important traits which may affect resource allocation, dispersal, and mating strategies, hence fitness.

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Mate‐finding dispersal reduces local mate limitation and sex bias in dispersal

Cited by 14 publications

References 99 publications

Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal

Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal

Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal

Sex- and trait-specific silver-spoon effects of developmental environments, on ageing

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