Massive Molecular Outflow and 100 kpc Extended Cold Halo Gas in the Enormous Lyα Nebula of QSO 1228+3128

Li, Jianrui; Emonts, Bjorn; Cai, Zheng; Prochaska, J. X.; Yoon, Ilsang; Lehnert, M. D.; Wu, Yican; Li, Jianan; Li, Mingyu; Lacy, Mark; Villar-Martín, M.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac390d

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Ginolfi et al (2017) mapped CO(3-4) in a galaxy at z=3.5 and found evidence for emission extending to a radius of about 20 kpc, well beyond the stellar disc. CO observations of powerful radio loud AGNs have found extended molecular gas on even larger scales of several tens of kpc (Emonts et al 2016;Li et al 2021).…”

Section: Comparison To Other Detections Of Extended Gas Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While evidence for gaseous outflows and extended gas reservoirs in SFGs at 𝑧 > 4 have been well-studied with ALMA, it is important to also search for these signatures in AGN host galaxies at cosmic noon (i.e., 𝑧 ∼ 2; Ginolfi et al 2017;Li et al 2021;De Breuck et al 2022). One recent survey in this epoch is SUPER (a SINFONI Survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback; Circosta et al 2018), which used VLT/SINFONI to target 39 x-rayselected AGN host galaxies at 𝑧 ∼ 2.0 − 2.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for extended gaseous reservoirs around AGN at cosmic noon from ALMA CO(3−2) observations

Jones

Maiolino

Circosta

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gaseous outflows are key phenomena in the evolution of galaxies, as they affect star formation (either positively or negatively), eject gas from the core or disk, and directly cause mixing of pristine and processed material. Active outflows may be detected through searches for broad spectral line emission or high-velocity gas, but it is also possible to determine the presence of past outflows by searching for extended reservoirs of chemically enriched molecular gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) around galaxies. In this work, we examine the CO(3-2) emission of a set of seven z ∼ 2.0 − 2.5 AGN host galaxies, as observed with ALMA. Through a three-dimensional stacking analysis we find evidence for extended CO emission of radius r ∼ 13 kpc. We extend this analysis to the HST/ACS i-band images of the sample galaxies, finding a complex small-scale (r < 10 kpc) morphology but no robust evidence for extended emission. In addition, the dust emission (traced by rest-frame FIR emission) shows no evidence for significant spatial extension. This indicates that the diffuse CO emission revealed by ALMA is morphologically distinct from the stellar component, and thus traces an extended reservoir of enriched gas. The presence of a diffuse, enriched molecular reservoir around this sample of AGN host galaxies at cosmic noon hints at a history of AGN-driven outflows that likely had strong effects on the star formation history of these objects.

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Section: Comparison To Other Detections Of Extended Gas Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for extended gaseous reservoirs around AGN at cosmic noon from ALMA CO(3−2) observations

Jones

Maiolino

Circosta

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…As soon as haloes acquire stable hot atmospheres, however, cold and dense gas in the halo disperses (see e. While our simulations have emphasised the role of radiation pressure on dust as an AGN feedback mechanism, other AGN feedback mechanisms may play an analogous role in clearing out gas from the vicinity of AGN. Winds generated at the scale of AGN accretion discs (Costa et al 2020) or relativistic jets, as is the case in the observations of Li et al (2021), are predicted to inflate hot bubbles that may clear out gas from the galactic nucleus (Costa et al 2014;Talbot et al 2021). The interesting question is whether such models disagree on the impact of AGN feedback at halo scales, as suggested in Costa et al (2018b).…”

Section: Open Questionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The existence of a largely undisturbed CGM is thus not inconsistent with the presence of large-scale AGN outflows (see also Lau et al 2022). Recent observations reported by Li et al (2021) provide an example of a large-scale outflow powered by a radio-loud quasar at 𝑧 ≈ 2, propagating along a direction perpendicular to a giant ∼ 100 kpc Ly𝛼 nebula. Li et al (2021) suggest a separate origin for the outflow, which is driven by the quasar, and the Ly𝛼 nebula, which could instead trace gas infall, exactly the scenario favoured by our simulations (Section 3.3.3).…”

Section: Quasar Feedback and Its Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AGN-driven outflows and the formation of Ly$α$ nebulae around high-z quasars

Costa¹,

Battaia²,

Farina³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The detection of Ly𝛼 nebulae around 𝑧 6 quasars provides evidence for extended gas reservoirs around the first rapidly growing supermassive black holes. Observations of 𝑧 > 6 quasars can be explained by cosmological models provided that the black holes by which they are powered evolve in rare, massive dark matter haloes. Whether these theoretical models also explain the observed extended Ly𝛼 emission remains an open question. We post-process a suite of cosmological, radiation-hydrodynamic simulations targeting a quasar host halo at 𝑧 > 6 with the Ly𝛼 radiative transfer code R . A combination of recombination radiation from photo-ionised hydrogen and emission from collisionally excited gas powers Ly𝛼 nebulae with a surface brightness profile in close agreement with observations. We also find that, even on its own, resonant scattering of the Ly𝛼 line associated to the quasar's broad line region can also generate Ly𝛼 emission on ∼ 100 kpc scales, resulting in comparable agreement with observed surface brightness profiles. Even if powered by a broad quasar Ly𝛼 line, Ly𝛼 nebulae can have narrow line-widths 1000 km s −1 , consistent with observational constraints. Even if there is no quasar, we find that halo gas cooling produces a faint, extended Ly𝛼 glow. However, to light-up extended Ly𝛼 nebulae with properties in line with observations, our simulations unambiguously require quasar-powered outflows to clear out the galactic nucleus and allow the Ly𝛼 flux to escape and still remain resonant with halo gas. The close match between observations and simulations with quasar outflows suggests that AGN feedback already operates before 𝑧 = 6 and confirms that high-𝑧 quasars reside in massive haloes tracing overdensities.

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“…Hence, they have a key role in understanding gas feeding and feedback mechanisms of massive galaxies and their connections to activities of super-massive black holes (e.g., McCarthy et al 1987;McCarthy 1993;van Ojik et al 1997;Villar-Martín 2007;Faucher-Giguère et al 2010;Goerdt et al 2010;Tumlinson et al 2017;Cantalupo 2017;Kimock et al 2021, and references therein). Multi-wavelength studies have also detected various emissions other than Ly𝛼 from gaseous nebulae, e.g., rest-UV helium and metal lines (McCarthy et al 1990;Maxfield et al 2002;Villar-Martín et al 2003;Prescott et al 2015;Cai et al 2017;Cantalupo et al 2019;Guo et al 2020;Sanderson et al 2021), H𝛼 line (Shimakawa et al 2018;Leibler et al 2018), dust and molecular gas (Emonts et al 2016(Emonts et al , 2019Li et al 2021, but see Decarli et al 2021). Previous studies from a wide range of viewpoints spatially and kinetically uncovered ionisation structures by mapping multi-phase gas components on a ∼ 100 proper kpc (pkpc) scale, and addressed causal relationships between extended Ly𝛼 emissions and energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for extended Lyman-$α$ emission around 9k quasars at z=2-3

Shimakawa

2022

Preprint

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Enormous Ly𝛼 nebulae (ELANe) around quasars have provided unique insights into the formation of massive galaxies and their associations with super-massive black holes since their discovery. However, their detection remains highly limited. This paper introduces a systematic search for extended Ly𝛼 emission around 8683 quasars at 𝑧 = 2.34-3.00 using a simple but very effective broad-band 𝑔𝑟𝑖 selection based on the Third Public Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Although the broad-band selection detects only bright Ly𝛼 emission ( 1 × 10 −17 erg s −1 cm −2 arcsec −2 ) compared with narrow-band imaging and integral field spectroscopy, we can apply this method to far more sources than such common approaches. We first generated continuum 𝑔-band images without contributions from Ly𝛼 emission for host and satellite galaxies using 𝑟-and 𝑖-bands. Then, we established Ly𝛼 maps by subtracting them from observed 𝑔-band images with Ly𝛼 emissions. Consequently, we discovered extended Ly𝛼 emission (with masked area > 40 arcsec 2 ) for 7 and 32 out of 366 and 8317 quasars in the Deep and Ultra-deep (35 deg 2 ) and Wide (890 deg 2 ) layers, parts of which may be potential candidates of ELANe. However, none of them seem to be equivalent to the largest ELANe ever found. We detected higher fractions of quasars with large nebulae around more luminous or radio-loud quasars, supporting previous results. Future applications to the forthcoming big data from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will help us detect more promising candidates. The source catalogue and obtained Ly𝛼 properties for all the quasar targets are accessible as online material.

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Massive Molecular Outflow and 100 kpc Extended Cold Halo Gas in the Enormous Lyα Nebula of QSO 1228+3128

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Evidence for extended gaseous reservoirs around AGN at cosmic noon from ALMA CO(3−2) observations

Evidence for extended gaseous reservoirs around AGN at cosmic noon from ALMA CO(3−2) observations

AGN-driven outflows and the formation of Ly$α$ nebulae around high-z quasars

Search for extended Lyman-$α$ emission around 9k quasars at z=2-3

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