Mass and Energy Transports in an Undisturbed Atlantic Trade-Wind Flow

Augstein, E.; Riehl, Herbert; Ostapoff, Feodor; Wagner, Volker

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0101:maetia>2.3.co;2

Cited by 133 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The vertical eddy heat flux is almost confined below the inversion base and the value of the total heat supply from the surface is about 400ly day-1. The budget results during this period are quite similar to those in an undisturbed trade-wind flow in the tropics analysed by Augstein et al (1973), Holland and Rasmusson (1973) and Nitta and Esbensen (1974).…”

Section: Period Of Cold-air Outbreaksupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Recently, Augstein et al (1973), Holland and Rasmusson (1973) and Nitta and Esbensen (1974) examined the mass, heat and moisture budgets in an undisturbed Atlantic trade wind flow. In spite of the difference between the vertical thermal structure in the AMTEX area and that in the Atlantic trade wind region, mass, heat and moisture budgets found over both regions are quite similar to each other.…”

Section: B Relative Vorticity and Vertical Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-Scale Heat and Moisture Budgets during the Air Mass Transformation Experiment

Nitta

1976

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The atmospheric budgets of mass, heat and moisture are analysed for the first phase (February 14-28, 1974) of the Air-Mass Transformation Experiment (AMTEX). The analysed period is subdivided into three parts according to different synoptic situations.During the period in which a warm air enters the AMTEX area from the subtropical region, a strong inversion lies near 800 mb and there is a downward motion with a maximum value near the inversion. An apparent heat sink and a moisture source of the large-scale motion system are found near the inversion base and total heat transports by subgrid-scale eddies are almost confined below the inversion base. The value of the total heat supply from the sea surface is estimated to be 400ly day-1. On the other hand during the period in which a cold-air outbreak occurs, a large amount of total heat energy more than 1,000 ly day-1 is supplied from the sea surface. A large apparent heat source and a large apparent moisture source are found in the layer between the sea surface and 800 mb. During the intermediate period between the previous two periods, the AMTEX area is affected by the traveling cyclones whose centers pass through to the north of the AMTEX area.Values of the total heat flux calculated by large-scale budgets agree quite well with those estimated independently by bulk aerodynamic computations.

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Section: Period Of Cold-air Outbreaksupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: B Relative Vorticity and Vertical Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Heat and Moisture Budgets during the Air Mass Transformation Experiment

Nitta

1976

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Clouds were observed in a transition region from shallow cumulus to stratocumulus. The observations were based on three ships that drifted for about three weeks in this region, with intensive observations being concentrated in the lowest 4 km of the atmosphere (e.g., Augstein et al 1973). The intercomparison of LES model simulations for this case found that the cloud amount is sensitive to the numerical algorithms among the participating models (Stevens et al 2001).…”

Section: Mean Thermodynamic Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Boundary-Layer Cumulus and Stratocumulus Clouds Using a Cloud-Resolving Model with Low-and Third-order Turbulence Closures

Cheng

2008

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Although the trades have been at the focus of several extensive field experiments since then, such as BOMEX (Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological EXperiment, Davidson, 1968;Holland and Rasmusson, 1973), ATEX (Atlantic Trade wind EXperiment, Augstein et al, 1973), and more recently RICO (Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean, Rauber et al, 2007), or smaller campaigns such as BACEX (Barbados Aerosol Cloud EXperiment) in 2010, several aspects of trade wind cumuli -in particular small-scale processes such as the role of cloud turbulence -have not been investigated due to measurement limitations, and are still not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fine-scale structure of the trade wind cumuli over Barbados – an introduction to the CARRIBA project

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The CARRIBA (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiation and tuRbulence in the trade wInd regime over BArbados) project, focused on high resolution and collocated measurements of thermodynamic, turbulent, microphysical, and radiative properties of trade wind cumuli over Barbados, is introduced. The project is based on two one-month field campaigns in November 2010 (climatic wet season) and April 2011 (climatic dry season). Observations are based on helicopterborne and ground-based measurements in an area of 100 km 2 off the coast of Barbados. CARRIBA is accompanied by long-term observations at the Barbados Cloud Observatory located at the East coast of Barbados since early in 2010 and which provides a longer-term context for the CARRIBA measurements. The deployed instrumentation and sampling strategy are presented together with a classification of the meteorological conditions. The two campaigns were influenced by different air masses advected from the Caribbean area, the Atlantic Ocean, and the African continent which led to distinct aerosol conditions. Pristine conditions with low aerosol particle number concentrations of ∼100 cm 3 were alternating with periods influenced by Saharan dust or aerosol from biomass burning resulting in comparably high number concentrations of ∼ 500 cm 3 . The biomass burning aerosol was originating from both the Caribbean area and Africa. The shallow cumulus clouds responded to the different aerosol conditions with a wide range of mean droplet sizes and number concentrations. Two days with different aerosol and cloud microphysical properties but almost identical meteorological conditions have been analyzed in detail. The differences in the droplet number concentration and droplet sizes appear not to show any significant change for turbulent cloud mixing, but the relative roles of droplet inertia and sedimentation in initiating coalescence, as well as the cloud reflectivity, do change substantially.

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Mass and Energy Transports in an Undisturbed Atlantic Trade-Wind Flow

Cited by 133 publications

References 8 publications

Large-Scale Heat and Moisture Budgets during the Air Mass Transformation Experiment

Large-Scale Heat and Moisture Budgets during the Air Mass Transformation Experiment

Simulation of Boundary-Layer Cumulus and Stratocumulus Clouds Using a Cloud-Resolving Model with Low-and Third-order Turbulence Closures

The fine-scale structure of the trade wind cumuli over Barbados – an introduction to the CARRIBA project

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