Masculinity ideology among young African American and European American women and men in different regions of the United States.

Levant, Ronald F.; Majors, Richard; Kelley, Michelle L.

doi:10.1037/1099-9809.4.3.227

Cited by 97 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Black men (Levant, Majors, & Kelley, 1998) and Black and Latino men (Levant et al, 2003). A consistent finding among these studies is that men and racial-ethnic minorities tend to report higher levels of TMI compared to women and individuals from the racial-ethnic majority (c.f., Levant & Richmond, 2016).…”

Section: Indeed Investigators Have Examined Different Versions Of Thsupporting

confidence: 67%

Further examination of the factor structure of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF): Measurement considerations for women, men of color, and gay men.

McDermott

Levant

Hammer

et al. 2017

Journal of Counseling Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

'Further examination of the factor structure of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) : measurement considerations for women, men of color, and gay men.', Journal of counseling psychology., 64 (6).pp. 724-738. Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000225Publisher's copyright statement:c 2017 APA, all rights reserved. This article may not exactly replicate the nal version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. given the insufficient model-based reliability of their raw subscale scores. When comparing men to women, White men to Black and Asian men, and gay men to heterosexual men, the MRNI-SF demonstrated configural invariance and at least partial metric invariance (i.e., measured similar constructs). However, scalar and residuals invariance were only supported for Asian men compared to White men. Taken together, these findings suggest that a general TMI factor of the MRNI-SF is best represented by a bifactor model, even in individuals that do not fit the White heterosexual male TMI reference group, but the instrument may be tapping somewhat different constructs in women, Black men, and gay men. Public Significance Statement:The Male Role Norms Inventory Short-Form is a popular and widely used measure of traditional masculinity ideology (TMI). Recent research suggests it is best measured through a structural equation modeling approach, but this may not be practical for most psychologists, particularly clinicians. The present findings provide important guidelines for the use and interpretation of the instrument's raw scores, as well as considerations for measuring TMI in women, men of color, and gay men.

show abstract

Section: Indeed Investigators Have Examined Different Versions Of Thsupporting

confidence: 67%

Further examination of the factor structure of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF): Measurement considerations for women, men of color, and gay men.

McDermott

Levant

Hammer

et al. 2017

Journal of Counseling Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…American men in the south (Levant, Majors, & Kelley, 1998) and those who participated in church activities (Hunter & Sellers, 1998) were found to adhere to the traditional masculine ideology more than White men in the same setting. It appeared that, depending on where the African American men lived (i.e., rural versus urban), their endorsement of traditional masculine attitudes varied accordingly.…”

Section: Social C Lassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the lives of Asian American men: Racial identity, male role norms, gender role conflict, and prejudicial attitudes.

Liu¹

2002

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Much of the literature on masculinity has focused on the lives of White men.The literature assumed that White male experiences were ubiquitous for all men.Although some literature has begun to explore the lives of men of co lor, no empirical studies could be found that investigated the experiences of Asian American men from a racial identity perspective. Using racial identity to examine the lives of Asian American men was important since Asian American men, historically and contemporarily, encounter racism, yet no studies could be found that examined racism specificall y among Asian American men. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between racial identity, male role norms, gender role conflict, and prejudicial attitudes.323 Asian American men were surveyed from public, private, and community colleges on the East and West coast. Participants were given the People of Color Racial Identity Attitude Scale (POCRIAS , Helms, 1995), Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS , O'Neil et al., 1986), Male Role Norms Inventory (MRNI, Levant et al. , 1992), Quick Discrimination Index (QDI, Ponterotto et al. , 1995), and a demographic form.Results from correlations show small relationships between Conformity, Internalization, and prejudicial attitudes. Similarly, relationships between GRCS and MRN I subscale and total scores show some small to modest relationships. A two-way ANOVA showed differences in prejudicial attitudes between those who had never taken a multicultural education course and those who had taken two or more courses.Finally, two hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted. In the first regression, the GRCS total score was the criterion and the predictors were POCRIAS subscales and prej udicial attitudes. Dissonance, Immersion/Resistance, and Internalization subscales were significant predictors. In the second regression, the MRNI Traditional

show abstract

“…Multidimensionality suggests the need to assess support for dominant norms rather than a single masculinity or femininity script. Individual endorsement of these is seen to vary over context and time as well as across age; culture; sexual orientation; social class; and 'race' (Levant andMajors 1997, Levant andFischer 1998). In addition the assumed independence of masculinity and femininity requires that attitudes toward these constructs are assessed apart.…”

Section: The 'Gender Ideology' Approach To Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It accounts for differential endorsement of gender norms, at an individual or group level, across dimensions. For example, empirical studies using the Male Role Norms Inventory (Levant et al, 1992) have found variable support for masculine norms along gender (Levant & Majors, 1997;Levant, Majors & Kelley, 1998;Levant et al, 1996); 'race' (Levant & Majors, 1997); and cultural lines . Findings even suggest urban-rural variation .…”

Section: The 'Gender Ideology' Approach To Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond traditional understanding of gender measurement: the gender (re)presentation approach

Luyt

2013

Journal of Gender Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper considers different approaches to measuring gender. It critically reviews gender role theorising and describes how this has informed two approaches to measuring gender as an individual phenomenon: gender orientation (the assessment of individual traits) and gender ideology (assessing individual endorsement, and internalisation, of social norms). It is argued here that social constructionist perspectives offer a viable alternative to gender role theory and that these inform an alternative approach to measuring gender as a social phenomenon: gender (re)presentation. This approach assesses group level endorsement of dominant gender representations. Endorsement is not seen to reflect individual traits or internalised social norms.Rather, it is understood as a social practice, made meaningful through shared understanding of dominant gender representation. This approach is introduced through critique of the traditional concept of attitudes and a reformulation thereof. The practical measurement implications and benefit of this reformulation are outlined.

show abstract

Masculinity ideology among young African American and European American women and men in different regions of the United States.

Cited by 97 publications

References 17 publications

Further examination of the factor structure of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF): Measurement considerations for women, men of color, and gay men.

Further examination of the factor structure of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF): Measurement considerations for women, men of color, and gay men.

Exploring the lives of Asian American men: Racial identity, male role norms, gender role conflict, and prejudicial attitudes.

Beyond traditional understanding of gender measurement: the gender (re)presentation approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About