Marrow fat and preadipocyte factor-1 levels decrease with recovery in women with anorexia nervosa

Fazeli, Pouneh K.; Bredella, Miriam A.; Freedman, Lauren; Thomas, Bijoy J.; Breggia, Anne; Meenaghan, Erinne; Rosen, Clifford J.; Klibanski, Anne

doi:10.1002/jbmr.1640

Cited by 99 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, the development and mass of bone marrow adipose tissue are distinct from those of peripheral adipose depots which under pathological conditions are often found to be negatively associated with the marrow adiposity [81]. For instance, type I diabetes, malnutrition, anorexia nervosa, calorie restriction, and lipodystrophy exhibit reduction in peripheral adipose depots but an inverse increase in marrow adiposity [82, 83]. However, even this relationship between bone marrow and peripheral adiposity also cannot be generalized as there are other scenarios such as growth hormone deficiency where positive correlation exists between the developments of these adipose depots [84].…”

Section: Does Clinical Evidence Support a Role For Adipocytes In Skelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Health

Muruganandan

Govindarajan

Sinal

2018

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Purpose of Review To summarize and discuss recent progress and novel signaling mechanisms relevant to bone marrow adipocyte formation and its physiological/pathophysiological implications for bone remodeling. Recent Findings Skeletal remodeling is a coordinated process entailing removal of old bone and formation of new bone. Several bone loss disorders such as osteoporosis are commonly associated with increased bone marrow adipose tissue. Experimental and clinical evidence supports that a reduction in osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells at the expense of adipogenesis, as well as the deleterious effects of adipocyte-derived signaling, contributes to the etiology of osteoporosis as well as bone loss associated with aging, diabetes mellitus, post-menopause, and chronic drug therapy. However, this view is challenged by findings indicating that, in some contexts, bone marrow adipose tissue may have a beneficial impact on skeletal health. Summary Further research is needed to better define the role of marrow adipocytes in bone physiology/pathophysiology and to determine the therapeutic potential of manipulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

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Section: Does Clinical Evidence Support a Role For Adipocytes In Skelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Health

Muruganandan

Govindarajan

Sinal

2018

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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“…Bone marrow adipose tissue mass is inversely associated with BMD in patients with anorexia nervosa 120 ; whether bone marrow adipose tissue has a causal role in low BMD or simply expands to fill the space in the absence of hematopoetic and bone producing cells is unclear. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms underpinning and the implications of this fat depot, which is dynamic and has been demonstrated to decrease with weight recovery 122 .…”

Section: Skeletal Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management

2016

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Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by altered body image, persistent food restriction and low body weight, and is associated with global endocrine dysregulation in both adolescent girls and women. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis includes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with relative oestrogen and androgen deficiency, growth hormone resistance, hypercortisolaemia, non-thyroidal illness syndrome, hyponatraemia, and hypooxytocinaemia. Serum levels of leptin, an anorexigenic adipokine, are suppressed and levels of ghrelin, an orexigenic gut peptide, are elevated in women with anorexia nervosa; however, levels of peptide YY, an anorexigenic gut peptide, are paradoxically elevated. Although most, but not all, of these endocrine disturbances are adaptive to the low energy state of chronic starvation and reverse with treatment of the eating disorder, many contribute to impaired skeletal integrity, as well as neuropsychiatric comorbidities, in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Although 5–15% of those affected by anorexia nervosa are men, only limited data exists regarding the endocrine impact of the disease in adolescent boys and men. Further research is needed to understand the endocrine determinants of bone loss and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in anorexia nervosa in both women and men, as well as to formulate optimal treatment strategies.

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“…(3) A similar phenomenon is seen in inbred mice, in which marrow adiposity and bone mass are inversely correlated in the C57Bl/6J strain, (19) but positively correlated in the C3H strain. (20) Animal models also provide some key insights into the mechanism(s) of abnormally high marrow adiposity. In the ob/ob (obese) leptin-deficient mouse, high marrow fat occurs in association with hypoleptinemia and is reduced by leptin treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow composition, diabetes, and fracture risk: More bad news for saturated fat

Devlin

2013

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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I n this month's issue, Patsch and colleagues(1) offer ample food for thought for anyone interested in marrow adipocytes, the enigmatic endosteal fat cells whose developmental origins, function, and impact on bone mass are currently subjects of active investigation.(2) Marrow fat is often associated with low bone mass, as in anorexia nervosa, aging, and osteoporosis, but is also present in normal bone in complex age-, sex-, and sitespecific patterns. (3)(4)(5) Although marrow adipocytes were historically assumed to be neutral, quiescent space fillers,recent studies have demonstrated that marrow adipose tissue has a role in systemic energy metabolism (7,8) and that bone marrow fat mass and bone mass are inversely correlated even within normal subjects. (9,10) Marrow fat is now understood as a metabolically active depot that can be mobilized in starvation and that exerts potential beneficial as well as deleterious effects on skeletal and overall metabolism. However, many questions remain about exactly how marrow fat might increase fracture risk, and how this risk varies with age, sex, and comorbidities. Patsch and colleagues (1) tackle two key outstanding questions about marrow fat: whether the composition of marrow fat, as opposed to the quantity, is related to fracture risk; and whether there is an interaction between marrow fat, diabetes, and skeletal fragility. To address these questions, the authors measured vertebral bone marrow adiposity via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and volumetric BMD (vBMD) by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in the lumbar spine (L 1 -L 3 ) in postmenopausal women with and without prior fracture history and with or without type 2 diabetes. Marrow fat quantification included both the total lipid and the proportions of saturated, unsaturated, and residual lipid, differentiated by the presence or absence of double bonds. Overall, the results corroborate patterns seen in previous studies: aBMD at the hip and spine was highest in women with type 2 diabetes but no fracture, and lowest in nondiabetic women with prior fracture, whereas vBMD of the spine was lower in women with fracture versus women without fracture, both within controls and within diabetics. Interestingly, there were no differences in total marrow fat content among groups, regardless of diabetes or fracture status, in contrast to at least one recent study that found higher vertebral marrow fat in subjects with prevalent vertebral fractures.(11) However, both diabetes and fracture history were correlated with differences in marrow fat composition. As shown in Table 2 in Patsch and colleagues, (1) the degree of unsaturation was lower in individuals with both diabetes and fractures (DMFx) compared to controls without fracture (Co) and diabetics without fracture (DM), and the degree of saturation was higher in DM and DMFx versus Co. In other words, people with diabetes had more saturated marrow fat, and people with diabetes and history of fractu...

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Marrow fat and preadipocyte factor-1 levels decrease with recovery in women with anorexia nervosa

Cited by 99 publications

References 26 publications

Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Health

Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Health

The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management

Bone marrow composition, diabetes, and fracture risk: More bad news for saturated fat

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