Market Opportunities for Cellulose Products From Combined Renewable Resources

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The research paper is focused on how to choose the most suitable renewable energy solution using multi-criteria analysis for a district heating system. Making choices is based on indicators – economic, environmental and social. In this case, the study used five indicators: resources costs, totals investments, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, specific weight of renewable energy resources and impact on utilized land. Three situations have been compared – current situation: gas boiler, planned: solar collectors 21 595 m2 + accumulation tank 8000 m3 and alternatives: solar PV panels 5504 m2 – heat pump COP 3 are used in the estimation. The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that solar collectors 21 595 m2 + accumulation tank 8000 m3 are considered as the best alternative. The methodology is based on choosing a solution for a district heating company in Latvia.

Section: Methodology Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Criteria Analysis to Select Renewable Energy Solution for District Heating System

Poļikarpova

Lauka

Blumberga

et al. 2019

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“…Paper is made of cellulose fibers, which are combined with a number of chemicals that determine the properties and quality of the paper, as well as chemicals, are added for bleaching the cellulose. Cellulose is a renewable natural biopolymer that is considered to be one of the most important organic compounds and it can be obtained and biosynthesized from plants, wood, sea animals, bacteria and fungi [1]. Nowadays the cellulose, which is needed to make paper, comes from wood or is extracted from waste paper, and in addition to cellulose and chemicals, paper also requires a large amount of energy as well as water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper Waste Recycling. Circular Economy Aspects

Ozola

Vesere

Kalnins

et al. 2019

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Paper waste is a raw material for a lot of products with different added value. The engineering, economic and environmental aspects of paper waste recycling are analysed for production of composite material, cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals, bricks with paper components, porous carbon, film of biopolymer, enzymatic sugar and bioenergy: bioethanol, hydrogen and biofuel. Through multicriteria analysis, it was possible to determine the most feasible paper waste recycling product in case of four product groups: egg packaging boxes, cardboard, reused paper, cellulose nanomaterials (nanofibers and nanocrystals). The production of cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals has an advantage over egg packaging and cardboard production as well as reusable paper.

“…The main function of packaging is to protect all types of materials with its design and keep the product apart from the outside environment at a considerable level [2]. It is an absolutely necessary aspect for each product to add to its value [3]. Packaging also prevents both chemical and physical damage to the product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Biopolymer Packaging Materials are Better

Silva

Blumberga

2019

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The upcoming packaging material trend is bio-polymeric materials since it has shown tremendous potential in practical scenarios. Even though there have been experiments performed regarding material developments, there is still no confirmation about how uncertain the developments will be. A few statistical approaches were carried out in this work to identify the role of biopolymers as a packaging material based on their thermo-mechanical and physical properties and potential compared to other packaging materials. To determine the potential of biopolymer, it is compared with other package materials currently in demand. There are three main steps in the research. The first stage is an analysis of selected different packaging materials based on Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique. The material properties are analysed through the criteria of TOPSIS analysis. The ideal and negative ideal alternatives have been identified. Biopolymers have an outcome as the final best alternative among others. To confirm the TOPSIS results and its uncertainties, a sensitivity analysis is performed. This sensitivity analysis was performed in two phases. The first step is a regression analysis of the weighted parameters and input variables of the TOPSIS scheme. The second step is the variation of weights in a unitary variation ratio to identify the order of the TOPSIS results at each variation. Finally, all the results have concluded that the research intention has been fulfilled by performing TOPSIS and the sensitivity analysis has also confirmed this decision.